威胁评估简报：由本迪布焦病毒引起的埃博拉疫情——刚果民主共和国和乌干达——2026年

Ebola disease outbreak caused by Bundibugyovirus–Democratic Republic of the Congo andUganda–2026 21May 2026 Summary On 15 May 2026, Africa CDC reported an outbreak of Ebola disease in Ituri Province, DRC. Laboratory analysisatInstitut National de Recherche Biomedicale of DRCidentifiedBundibugyo virus(BDBV). BDBV diseaseis arare disease but can cause outbreaks with high case fatality rates.Considering the available information,complicated context and the uncertainties on the epidemiological information WHO declared a Public HealthEmergency of International Concern on 17 May 2026.Africa CDC declared a Public Health Emergency ofContinental Security on 18 May 2026. This Threat Assessment Brief aims to assess the riskforpeople from theEU/EEA living in or travelling toaffected areasand the overallriskof BDBVfor the general population inthe EU/EEAin the context of theongoing outbreakof BDBV disease in DRC.It is intended for public health authorities in EU/EEA countries andis based on currently available evidence. It therefore carries considerable uncertainty. Recommendationsarealso includedforhow public health authoritiesin the EU/EEAcanstrengthen preparedness and responsecapabilities. Epidemiological situation Based on datareportedby the World Health Organisation asat20May 2026,almost 600suspected cases and139deathsamong the suspected cases have been reported. In DRC,51caseswere confirmedinIturi and NorthKivu Provinces. Whiletwoimported caseswereconfirmedin Kampala,Uganda. At least five deaths had beenreported among the confirmed casesasat18 May, four in DRC and one in Uganda.Due to the very recentdeclaration of the outbreak and the uncertainties related to the epidemiological information, it is probable that theoutbreak is larger than what is currently being reported, not onlyregardingthe numberof affected cases but alsoto its geographical extent.BDBV transmission requires direct contact with blood, or other bodily fluids of living ordeceased infectedpeople, or any surfaces and materials soiled by infectious fluids. Transmission can also occurthrough contact with dead or live infected animals, including handling and/or consuming bushmeat, or by visitingcaves or mines colonised by bats.There arecurrentlyno licensed vaccines or specific treatmentsavailable forBDBV disease. Riskassessment Although epidemiological information remains limited andthere areimportant uncertainties, the likelihood ofinfection forpeoplefrom the EU/EEA living in or travelling to affected areas is assessed as low, provided theyadhere to the recommended precautionary measures.Transmission requires direct contact with blood, secretions,organs, or other bodily fluids of dead or living infected people or animals; all unlikely exposures for the general ISBN978-92-9498-886-7doi:10.2900/9658441Catalogue numberTQ-01-26-031-EN-N EU/EEA travellers or expatriates in affected areas.Staff members of humanitarian, religious and otherorganisations, particularly healthcare workers who are in direct contact with patients and/or local communities inthe affected areas, are more likely to be exposed to the virus. Provided they adhere to the appropriate infectionprevention and control measures, the likelihood of infection for this group is also low. The most likely route by which the virus could be introduced to the EU/EEA is throughpeople with a BDBVinfectiontravellingfromaffected areas to the EU/EEA.DuringtheEboladiseaseoutbreakinWest Africa in2013–2016, which was the largest outbreak to date, where tens of thousands of cases were reported, withtransmission in large urban centres, and hundreds of EU/EEA humanitarian and military personnel deployed tothe affected areas,onlya small number of imported cases to Europe were reported, most of them medicallyevacuated for treatment.Based on this experience, it is expected that imported cases wouldbe a rare event. The likelihood of secondary transmission of BDBV within the EU/EEA and the occurrence of sustained chains oftransmission within the EU/EEA is considered very low, as cases are likely to be promptly identified and isolatedand recommended control measureswouldbe implemented.Although BDBV infection can cause severe diseasein affected individuals, the population-levelpublic healthimpact in the EU/EEA is expected to beverylow becauseonly veryfew cases would occur.Therefore, theoverallcurrent riskof BDBVfor the general population intheEU/EEA is assessed to beverylow. Recommendations EU/EEA countriesshould reviewand updatethe standard operating procedures on isolation and treatment forBDBV diseasecases, and on contact tracing and quarantine for contacts of casesas needed. EU/EEA public health authoritiesshould: 1.Increaseawareness amongtravellersto, and residentsofaffected areas, as well as returning travellers;2.Increaseawarenessamonghealth professionalson:(i)the possibility ofBDBV diseaseintravellers returning from affected areas;(ii)the clinical presentation of the disease and the need toaskabout