老挝全民健康覆盖的融资：卫生公共支出和制度审查

© 2026 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved. This work is a product of the staff of the World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusionsexpressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or thegovernments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. Theboundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the partof The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of the World Bank,all of which are specifically reserved. RightsandPermissions This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CCBY 3.0 IGO) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt thiswork, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions: Attribution—World Bank. Financing Universal Health Coverage in the Lao PDR: A Health Public Expenditure and InstitutionalReview. Washington, DC: World Bank. 2026. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution:Thistranslation was not created by the World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. the World Bankshall not be liable for any content or error in this translation. Adaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution:This is anadaptation of an original work by the World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the sole responsibility of theauthor or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by the World Bank. Third-party content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained within the work.The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third-party owned individual component or part contained inthe work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely withyou. If you wish to re-use a component of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for thatre-use and to obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables,figures, or images. All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW,Washington, DC 20433, USA; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. Acknowledgements: This report was prepared by a team led by Toni Joe Lebbos (Health Economist), with contributionsfrom Manav Bhattarai (Senior Health Specialist), Jacopo Gabani (Economist), Soulaxay Bounthideth(HealthFinancing Consultant),Chanhsy Samavong(PFM Consultant),and ThipphavanhPhomsaveng (Consultant). The work benefited from strategic guidance provided by Khwima Nthara(Country Manager) and Caryn Bredenkamp (Practice Manager). We thank the peer reviewers: Ajay Tandon (Lead Economist), Ellen Van De Poel (Senior HealthEconomist), and Hilda Shijaku (Senior Country Economist) for their thoughtful feedback and expertguidance. We also acknowledge the contributions of Viengsamay Srithirath (Senior CountryOfficer), Somneuk Davading (Senior Economist), Keomanivone Phimmahasay (Senior Economist),and Tessa Clare Cullen (Public Sector Specialist), and we are grateful for the administrative supportprovided by Anita Soukhaseum (Program Assistant). We extend our appreciation to the Government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic for itsstrong collaboration, data provision, and constructive engagement, particularly the Ministry ofHealth (MOH) and the Ministry of Finance (MOF). We offer special thanks to Mme ViengmanyBounkham (Director General, Department of Planning and Finance, MOH), Dr. Bounserth Keoprasith(Director General, Department of Health Personnel), Dr. Souphab Panyakeo (Director General,Department of Internal Audit), Dr. Mayfong Mayxay (President, University of Health Sciences),Mme Dasavanh Manivong (Deputy Director General, National Health Insurance Bureau), and Dr.Sitthiroth Rasphone (Director General, Department of Economics and Fiscal Policy, MOF), alongwith their respective teams, for their continued support and guidance throughout the reviewprocess. The team further benefited from the insights and collaboration of the World Health OrganizationCountry Office, Luxembourg Development Cooperation Agency, Japan International CooperationAgency, and Clinton