2024年英国创作者收入报告

Fifth Report of Session 2023–24 Report, together with formal minutes relatingto the report Ordered by the House of Commonsto be printed 26 March 2024 The Culture, Media and Sport Committee The Culture, Media and Sport Committee is appointed by the House of Commonsto examine the expenditure, administration and policy of the Department forCulture, Media and Sport and its associated public bodies. Current membership Dame Caroline Dinenage MP(Conservative, Gosport)(Chair) Steve Brine MP(Conservative, Winchester) Clive Efford MP(Labour, Eltham) Julie Elliott MP(Labour, Sunderland Central) Damian Green MP(Conservative, Ashford) Dr Rupa Huq MP(Labour, Ealing Central and Acton) Simon Jupp MP(Conservative, East Devon) John Nicolson MP(Scottish National Party, Ochil and South Perthshire) Alex Sobel MP(Labour, Leeds North West) Jane Stevenson MP(Conservative, Wolverhampton North East) Giles Watling MP(Conservative, Clacton) Kevin Brennan MP(Labour, Cardiff West) was also a member of the committee during thisinquiry. Powers The Committee is one of the departmental select committees, the powers of whichare set out in House of Commons Standing Orders, principally in SO No. 152. Theseare available on the internet viawww.parliament.uk. Publication © Parliamentary Copyright House of Commons 2023. This publication may bereproduced under the terms of the Open Parliament Licence, which is published atwww.parliament.uk/copyright. Committee reports are published on the Committee’swebsiteat and in print byOrder of the House. Committee staff The current staff of the Committee are Lucy Bishop (Committee OperationsOfficer), Andy Boyd (Committee Operations Manager), Dr Conor Durham(Committee Specialist), Ollie Florence (Senior Media and Communications Officer),Natalia Janiec-Janicki (Assistant Clerk), Lois Jeary (Committee Specialist), DumaLangton (Committee Specialist), Olivia Rose (Media and Communications Officer)and Ben Sneddon (Clerk). Contacts All correspondence should be addressed to the Clerk of the Culture, Mediaand Sport Committee, House of Commons, London SW1A 0AA. The telephonenumber for general enquiries is 020 7219 6188; the Committee’s email address isCommonsCMS@parliament.uk. You can follow the Committee on X (formerly Twitter) using@CommonsCMS. Contents Summary3Creator remuneration5Introduction5The economics of the creative economy5The UK creative industries5The plight of professional creators7Our previous work8Our inquiry91Future-proofing creator rights10Royalty and residual rates10Case study: actors and performers10Case study: film and TV directors12Case study: professional musicians12Private copying, storing and sharing on electronic devices13Private copying in UK law13Proposals for a private copying scheme15Artificial intelligence172Freelancing and contractual terms21The prevalence of freelancing21Advantages of the freelance model21Downsides for professional creators22Proposed solutions26A “Freelancers’ Commissioner”26Fair contractual terms for creators273Economics of music publishing30The complete reset of music streaming30Progress to date31Proposals for further action31Songwriter remuneration34Ongoing tensions with the valuation of song rights34Origins of the recording/publishing revenue split in streaming36 Annex: Glossary of terms39Conclusions and recommendations43Formal minutes45Witnesses46Published written evidence46List of Reports from the Committee during the current Parliament47 Summary Despite the importance and global success of the UK creative industries, successfulprofessional creators are struggling to make a living. Many people in the sector experienceprecarious rates of pay, employment conditions and contractual terms. There are manyshort- and long-term factors, including falling real-terms funding, new technologiesand the legacy of Covid-19 and associated public health measures. We launched ourinquiry to explore issues around fair remuneration and working conditions across thecreative industries and consider possible solutions. As new means of consuming creative content have become the norm, creators acrossthe sector have experienced persistent declines in their royalties and residuals. Royaltiescan provide income smoothing, financial certainty, greater career flexibility andsupport during retirement for those who receive them. Royalties have been depressedby digital distribution in the UK, which pays out less to creators (if at all) compared toother modes of distribution. Simultaneously, gaps in the UK copyright regime—wherecreators are not compensated for private copying, whereby users download, store, copyand share content on digital devices—means that payments from abroad are underthreat due to a lack of reciprocity with other jurisdictions. We recommend that theGovernment introduce a private copying scheme to safeguard those payments fromabroad and provide a new, sustainable stream of income for creators. We consider recent policy implications regarding the