世界卫生组织在纳米比亚的贡献：评价简介

E V A L U A T I O NB R I E F The assessment considered five key areas: relevance,coherence, effectiveness, efficiency and sustainability, withattention to human rights, equity, gender and disability.Information was gathered from a mix of sources, including32 interviews with 55 representatives from government,WHO, UN agencies, civil society and academia, as well asreports, national data and about 50 other key documents.Most interviews were conducted in Namibia, with additionalinput from WHO staff in regional and global offices. B A C K G R O U N D Independent evaluations of the World Health Organization(WHO) at the country level are conducted under the WHOEvaluation Policy (2018, 2025). In this context, the RegionalOffice for Africa commissioned an evaluation of WHO’scontribution in Namibia with support from the WHOEvaluation Office at headquarters. WHO has supported Namibia’s health sector sinceindependence in 1990, contributing to major public healthachievements over the past three decades. This evaluationreviewed progress under the Country Cooperation Strategy(CCS) III (2018–2024), through which WHO invested aboutUS$26.7 million. The CCS III focused on four areas:advancing universal health coverage (UHC), addressinghealth emergencies, promoting healthier populations, andstrengthening leadership and governance. Implementationwas guided by biennial workplans developed with theMinistry of Health and Social Services, with WHO alsoplaying a coordinating role among partners andcontributing to national and regional health governance. K E YF I N D I N G S Relevance.WHO is the leading health agency in Namibiaand its contribu�ons through its posi�oning, level ofengagement and interven�ons are highly relevant. Thecontribu�ons aligned well with the na�onal context, healthpriori�es and policies of thegovernment and responded tothe evolving health needs of the Namibian popula�on. CCSIII was well aligned with the health and nutri�on priori�esin Namibia’s Fi�h Na�onal Development Plan (NDP5),including addressing the health and well-being of women,children and adolescents, and communicable andnoncommunicable diseases(NCDs). It also explicitly aligned withSustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 and related goals. P U R P O S E The evaluation aimed to assess WHO’s contribution toNamibia’s health sector during the CCS III period, both interms of results achieved and future relevance. It sought todetermine the added value of WHO’s support, identifychallenges and lessons learned, and generaterecommendations to guide the next Country CooperationStrategy (CCS IV). Coherence.Overall, WHO interventions andimplementation approaches were coherent. They were wellintegrated and complementary to the nationalgovernment’s efforts to advance better health for all andpursue SDG 3 targets. WHO synergized its work withdevelopment partners and other UN agencies in Namibiathrough the Health Development Partners Forum andleveraged its comparative advantage as the lead agency onhealth, particularly during COVID-19. While the previousUnited Nations Partnership Framework (UNPAF) (2019–2023) had limited joint programming, the new UnitedNations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework(UNSDCF) offers a stronger platform to deepen inter-agency cooperation. The evaluation covered all WHO-supported interventions atnational and sub-national levels, reflecting inputs fromcountry and regional offices and headquarters. Cross-cutting issues such as gender equality, health equity, andhuman rights were emphasized. The findings are intendedto inform strategic and operational planning for the WHOCountry Office in Namibia, while also supporting regionaland global offices, government, UN agencies, developmentpartners, civil society and non-state actors in strengtheningcoordination and partnerships. Effectiveness.WHO’s effectiveness was mixed. WHO wasnotably effective in advancing UHC and strengtheningemergency preparedness, including support for nationalquality standards, maternal and child health, immunization,HIV, TB, malaria, emergency action plans, and outbreakresponse systems. Its leadership during COVID-19 and thecontainment of the hepatitis E outbreak highlighted itstechnical and coordination strengths. However, supportunder Strategic Priorities 3 (healthier populations) and 4(leadership and governance) faced challenges includingunderfunding, staffing gaps, broad scope, and weakmonitoring indicators. M E T H O D O L O G Y The evaluation looked at WHO’s contribution to health inNamibia between 2018 and 2024, examining both what wasachieved and the factors that shaped those results. It aimedto understand how WHO’s support influenced changes inthe health sector and how this can inform future priorities. Efficiency.WHO’s efficiency varied. It responded rapidly tohealth emergencies, for example in the hepatitis E outbreak(97.4% reduction in cases, zero deaths by 2021) and duringCOVID-19 (US$ 3.7 million mobilized, 1.7 million vaccinesprocured). I