是时候了：亚洲的衡量、挑战和政策（英）

MEASUREMENT, CHALLENGES,AND POLICIES FOR ASIA MARCH 2026 IT IS ABOUT TIME MEASUREMENT, CHALLENGES,AND POLICIES FOR ASIA MARCH 2026 Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) © 2026 Asian Development Bank6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, PhilippinesTel +63 2 8632 4444; Fax +63 2 8636 2444www.adb.org Some rights reserved. Published in 2026. ISBN 978-92-9277-733-3 (print); 978-92-9277-734-0 (PDF); 978-92-9277-735-7 (ebook)Publication Stock No. TCS260097-2DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/TCS260097-2 The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policiesof the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for anyconsequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that theyare endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, ADB does notintend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. This publication is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. By using the content of this publication, you agree to be boundby the terms of this license. For attribution, translations, adaptations, and permissions, please read the provisionsand terms of use at https://www.adb.org/terms-use#openaccess. This CC license does not apply to non-ADB copyright materials in this publication. If the material is attributedto another source, please contact the copyright owner or publisher of that source for permission to reproduce it.ADB cannot be held liable for any claims that arise as a result of your use of the material. Please contact pubsmarketing@adb.org if you have questions or comments with respect to content, or if you wishto obtain copyright permission for your intended use that does not fall within these terms, or for permission to usethe ADB logo. Corrigenda to ADB publications may be found at http://www.adb.org/publications/corrigenda. Notes:In this publication, “$” refers to United States dollars.ADB recognizes “Republic of Armenia” as Armenia, “China” as the People’s Republic of China, “Korea” and“South Korea” as the Republic of Korea, “Turkiye” as Türkiye, and “Vietnam” as Viet Nam. Cover design by Mike Cortes. Foreword Abbreviationsx Executive Summaryxi Introduction1International Guidelines and Standard Practices in Time-Use Surveys2Time-Use Methodologies: A Comparative Perspective8Sampling and Survey Design11Additional Modules or Questions in Time-Use Surveys18Conclusion: Designing for Visibility18 2.Key Challenges in Time-Use Surveys21 Introduction21Common Challenges in Data Collection22Activity Classification, Data Comparability, and Standardization32Harmonization Initiatives37Ethical and Privacy Concerns38Conclusion: Navigating Challenges and Ensuring Credibility41 Introduction43Data Harmonization and Methodological Approach44Understanding Time-Use Patterns: From Production to Well-Being48Unequal Time: Variations by Life Stage and Location71Conclusion: Insights from the Data80 4.Shaping Policy: The Power of Time-Use Data81 Introduction81Intersector Linkages: Time Use Across Policy Domains83Crosscutting Themes: Gender, Social Norms, and Climate96Time-Use Data and the Sustainable Development Goals: Tracking Progress100and Accelerating ActionConclusion: Making Time Count103 5.The Time Is Now: Strengthening Time-Use Statistics in Asia and the Pacific104 Introduction104The Case for Institutionalization104Seizing the Advocacy Window105Unlocking Innovation in Time-Use Data106Way Forward: Practical Priorities for Action107 111 Appendixes 1Time-Use Survey Availability in Selected ADB Regional Member Economies1112Methodology1203Supplementary Tables and Figures1394Linking Time-Use Data to the Sustainable Development Goals147 References Tables, Figures, and Boxes Tables 1.1Major Divisions in International Classification of Activities for Time-Use Statistics 201651.2Comparative Features of Time-Use Survey Methodologies101.3Sampling and Survey Design in Selected Time-Use Surveys in Asia152.1Data Collection Methods and Nonresponse Rates in Selected Time-Use Surveys in Asia312.2Key Distinctions Between Harmonised European Time Use Survey33and International Classification of Activities for Time-Use Statistics2.3Activity Classification, Time Intervals, and Secondary Activities Captured35in Selected Time-Use Surveys in Asia2.4Context Variables Captured in Selected Time-Use Surveys in Asia373.1Mapping International Classification of Activities for Time-Use Statistics 201645to System of National Accounts Production Boundaries3.2Comparabi