亚洲的营养与公共卫生：挑战、干预措施和政策应对

Nutrition and PublicHealth in AsiaChallenges, Interventions,and Policy ResponsesASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK INSTITUTEEdited bySakshi Pandey, Raja Rajendra Timilsina,Dil B. Rahut, and KE Seetha Ram © 2025 Asian Development Bank InstituteAll rights reserved.ISBN 978-4-89974-333-0 (print)ISBN 978-4-89974-334-7 (PDF)DOI: https://doi.org/10.56506/OCTJ7664The views in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of theAsian Development Bank Institute (ADBI), its Advisory Council, ADB’s Board orGovernors, or the governments of ADB members.ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication andaccepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. ADBI uses proper ADBmember names and abbreviations throughout and any variation or inaccuracy,including in citations and references, should be read as referring to the correct name.By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic areain this document, ADBI does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or otherstatus of any territory or area.Users are restricted from reselling, redistributing, or creating derivative works withoutthe express, written consent of ADBI.ADB recognizes “China” as the People’s Republic of China.Notes: In this publication, “$” refers to United States dollars.Cover design by Seungjun NaAsian Development Bank InstituteKasumigaseki Building 8F3-2-5, Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-kuTokyo 100-6008, Japanwww.adbi.org ContentsSakshi Pandey, Raja Rajendra Timilsina,Dil B. Rahut, and KE Seetha RamPART I:Child Nutrition and Well-Being:Challenges and InterventionsYijing Lian and Sakshi Pandey2Effects of Fishery Closure on the Nutrient Intakesof School-Age Children in a Marine Protected Areain Davao De Oro, PhilippinesGwynn DJ S. Maxian, Pedro A. Alviola IV,Jon Marx Sarmiento, Juma Novie A. Alviola,Roxanne T. Aguinaldo, and Kriza Faye A. Calumba3Dietary Diversity Among Scheduled Tribe Childrenwith Complicated Severe Acute Malnutritionin Nandurbar District, Maharashtra, India:Evidence from a Mixed Methods StudyMarian Abraham and Satish B. Agnihotri4Enhancing Child Well-Being in Balochistan, Pakistan:Exploring the Role of Food Diversityin Mitigating Malnutrition5Exploring Reasons for Improvement in theNutritional Status of Children in Urban InformalSettlements during the COVID-19 Pandemic:A Qualitative Study from Mumbai, IndiaNikhat Shaikh, Rijuta Sawant, Jennifer Spencer, Sushmita Das,Sonali Patil, Sushma Shende, Shanti Pantvaidya,Armida Fernandez, and Anuja Jayaraman iiiTables and FiguresvContributorsixAcknowledgmentsxiiForewordxiv1Introduction1Part I Summary9135290Ashar Awan133 PARTII:Navigating Nutritional Challenges amidUrbanization: Analyzing Rural–Urban GapsPart II SummaryYijing Lian and Sakshi Pandey6Rural–Urban Disparities in Women’s Malnutrition:A Study of Two Selected Districts from West Bengal, IndiaDebashree Paul, Chhanda Chakraborti, and Pulak Mishra7Nutritional Adequacy in a Rapidly Urbanizing Indonesia:Rural–Urban Gaps and Policy EffectivenessMarihot NasutionPARTIII:Nutritional Challenges and Policy Responses:Inequality, Aging, and Climate ChangePart III SummaryYijing Lian and Sakshi Pandey8Dietary Diversity and the Social Ladder:Nutritional Challenges in NepalRaja Rajendra Timilsina, P. V. S. Harshana,Dil B. Rahut, and Shyama Ratnasiri9Navigating Nutritional Challenges from Childhoodto Aging in India: Empirical Evidence fromThree Population-Based SurveysMukesh Kumar and Pratap Chandra Mohanty10Unraveling the Complexities: Micronutrient Deficienciesand Climate Change in South AsiaSakshi Pandey, Dil B. Rahut, and KE Seetha Ram 169171201241243266291 Tables and Figures2.1Sample Size per Barangay Using Stratified Random Sampling2.2Average Catch per Trip, Catch per Week, and AverageSelling Price of Fish Species per Fishing Season2.3Catch Levels and Fishing and Non-Fishing Incomeper Fishing Season2.4Average Daily Consumption of the Most ConsumedFood Items per Fishing Season for School-Age Children(6–9 Years Old)2.5Average Daily Consumption of the Most ConsumedFood Items per Fishing Season for School-Age Children(10–11 Years Old)2.6Average Daily Nutrient Intake of School-Age Children(6–9 Years Old) per Season2.7Average Daily Nutrient Intake of School-Age Childrenper Season (10–11 Years Old)2.8Panel Regression Model Estimates of the Determinants ofMicronutrients Across Fishing Seasons (Random Effects)2.9Panel Regression Model Estimates of the Determinants ofMacronutrients Across Fishing Seasons (Random Effects)3.1Child Nutritional Status at Admission (n = 158)3.2Household Characteristics of Participants (n = 158)3.3Factors Associated with Child Consuming Four or MoreOut of Eight Food Groups (n = 158)3.4Illustrative Quotes by Mothers ExplainingCurrent Dietary Practices3.5Illustrative Quotes Explaining Problems Faced DuringComplementary Feeding Initiation3.6Illustrative Quotes Highlighting Food Shortagesand Related Coping4.1Socioeconomic Characteristics of Study Partici