扩大公共卫生系统的创新：指南和工具包

Scaling innovations in public healthsystems Guidance and toolkit Scaling innovations in public health systems: guidance and toolkitISBN978-92-4-012076-1(electronic version)ISBN978-92-4-012077-8(print version) © World Health Organization2026 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0IGO licence (CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO;https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo).Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes,providedthe work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be nosuggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is notpermitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent CreativeCommons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along withthe suggested citation:“This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO isnot responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the bindingand authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with themediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization(http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules/). Third-party materials.If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such astables, figures or images, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse andto obtain permission from the copyright holder. Therisk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. General disclaimers.The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication donot imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of anycountry, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be fullagreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsedor recommended by WHOin preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors andomissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHOto verify the information contained in this publication.However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied.The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader.In no event shall WHObeliable for damages arising from its use. Contents Contents2List of figures and tables4Foreword5Acknowledgements7Abbreviations9Glossary11How to use the guidance and toolkit13Executive summary141. Introduction161.1 Why was the guidance and toolkit developed?161.2 Who is the guidance for?171.3 How was the guidance developed?171.4 What is included in the guidance and toolkit?171.5 Limitations of the guidance181.6 Key concepts182. A framework for scaling health innovation212.1 Government as enabler of scaling212.2. An innovation scaling framework233. Strategies, competences and missions253.1 A strategic approach to scaling and government competences253.2 Three strategies for innovation scaling263.3 Government competences for innovation scaling293.4 Missions: An approach to government innovation leadership363.6 Choosing the right strategy, building the right competencies414. Government roles434.1 Policy-maker444.2 Governance designer464.3 Innovation steward484.4 Regulator494.5 Capacity strengthener524.6 Funding enabler53 4.7 Communicator554.8 Adapting the roles to the three strategies575. Enabling innovation scaling processes595.1 Processes for governments to enable scaling of innovations605.2 Exploring615.3 Adapting645.4 Learning666. Towards a revitalized role of government in health innovation scaling71References74Annex A: Toolkit81How to navigate the toolkit82Types of tools and activities85Annex B: Case examples97Annex C: Methodological approach109 List of figures and tables Figure 1: A conceptual framework for scaling health innovationFigure 2: Three scaling strategiesFigure 3: The key elements of a missionFigure 4: The three processes in government-enabled scaling of health innovationsFigure 5: Where to begin? Four steps to innovation scaling Table 1: Key characteristics of a missionTable 2: Summary of government roles in health innovation scalingTable3: Strategic implications for government roles TableA1: The value of tools and activities for scaling innovationprocessesTable A1.1: Ecosystem mappingTable A1.2: Foresight and scenario planningTable A1.3: Human-cen