健康工具包中的性别平等：迈向亚洲及太平洋地区性别转型的卫生系统（英）

HEALTH SYSTEMS IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC SEPTEMBER 2025 GENDER EQUALITYIN HEALTH TOOL KITMOVING TOWARD GENDER TRANSFORMATIVEHEALTH SYSTEMS IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC SEPTEMBER 2025 Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) © 2025 Asian Development Bank6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, PhilippinesTel +63 2 8632 4444; Fax +63 2 8636 2444www.adb.org Some rights reserved. Published in 2025. ISBN 978-92-9277-411-0 (print); 978-92-9277-412-7 (PDF); 978-92-9277-413-4 (e-book)Publication Stock No. TIM250336-2DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/TIM250336-2 The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policiesof the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for anyconsequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that theyare endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, ADB does notintend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. This publication is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. By using the content of this publication, you agree to be boundby the terms of this license. For attribution, translations, adaptations, and permissions, please read the provisionsand terms of use at https://www.adb.org/terms-use#openaccess. This CC license does not apply to non-ADB copyright materials in this publication. If the material is attributedto another source, please contact the copyright owner or publisher of that source for permission to reproduce it.ADB cannot be held liable for any claims that arise as a result of your use of the material. Please contact pubsmarketing@adb.org if you have questions or comments with respect to content, or if you wishto obtain copyright permission for your intended use that does not fall within these terms, or for permission to usethe ADB logo. Corrigenda to ADB publications may be found at http://www.adb.org/publications/corrigenda. Notes:In this publication, “$” refers to United States dollars.ADB recognizes “Korea” as the Republic of Korea.All other photos are by ADB.ADB placed its regular assistance to Afghanistan on hold effective 15 August 2021. Cover design by Josef Ilumin.On the cover: Women working in the health sector, shown in roles in pharmaceuticals, laboratory testing, and neonatalcare. (photos by ADB and Hiraman). AcknowledgmentsviAbbreviationsviiGlossaryviiiIIntroduction1IICollect, Analyze, and Use Sex-, Age-, and Disability-Disaggregated Data4in Health Systems and PoliciesIIIAddress Gender-Specific Priority Needs in Affordable7and Quality Health Care Services and Health FinancingIVExpand Support to Women and Girls’ Sexual15and Reproductive Health and RightsVReduce Gender-Based Violence, Drawing on a Life Cycle Approach21in Collaboration with Non-Health InterventionsVIIncrease Application of Digital Health Services to Support Women’s Health26VIIExpand Women’s Employment and Leadership Opportunities29in the Health SectorVIIIEnhance Women’s Pandemic Preparedness and Response33IXIncorporate Actions Based on Intersections with Disability and Aging37XExplore the Nexus between Gender Equality, Health, and Climate Change41 Tables, Figures, and Boxes Tables 1Sample Gender Performance Indicators Related to Sex-, Age-,6and Disability-Disaggregated Data for Project Gender Action Plans2Sample Gender Performance Indicators Related13to Affordable and Quality Health Care3Sample Gender Performance Indicators and Good Practice Projects Related20to Supporting Women and Girls’ Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights4Sample Gender Performance Indicators Related to Gender-Based Violence25for a Project Gender Action Plan5Sample Gender Performance Indicators Related to Women’s Employment32and Leadership for a Project Gender Action Plan6Sample Gender Performance Indicators Related to Women’s Pandemic Preparedness36for a Project Gender Action Plan7Sample Gender Performance Indicators Considering Aging39for a Project Gender Action Plan8Sample Gender Performance Indicators Related to the Nexus Between43Gender Equality, Health, and Climate Change for a Project Gender Action Plan Figures 1Maternal Mortality Ratio in ADB Developing Member Countries162Women of Reproductive Age Whose Family Planning Needs16Are Satisfied with Modern Methods Boxes 1Increasing the Quality of Women’s Health Care in the People’s Republic of China102Reducing Perinatal Depression Through the Thinking Healthy Program113Addressing the Gender Gaps in Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors12and Screenings in Samoa4Reducing the Numb