Digital Nations 2025 Sustaining progressin Asia Pacific throughinvestment The GSMA is a global organisation unifying themobile ecosystem to discover, develop anddeliver innovation foundational to positivebusiness environments and societal change. Ourvision is to unlock the full power of connectivityso that people, industry and society thrive.Representing mobile operators and organisationsacross the mobile ecosystem and adjacentindustries, the GSMA delivers for its membersacross three broad pillars: Connectivity for Good,Industry Services and Solutions, and Outreach.This activity includes advancing policy, tacklingtodayʼs biggest societal challenges, underpinningthe technology and interoperability that makemobile work, and providing the worldʼs largestplatform to convene the mobile ecosystem at theMWC and M360 series of events. GSMA Intelligence is the definitive source ofglobal mobile operator data, analysis andforecasts, and publisher of authoritative industryreports and research. Our data covers everyoperator group, network and MVNO in everycountry worldwide – from Afghanistan toZimbabwe. It is the most accurate and completeset of industry metrics available, comprising tensof millions of individual data points, updateddaily. GSMA Intelligence is relied on by leadingoperators, vendors, regulators, financialinstitutions and third-party industry players, tosupport strategic decision-making and long-terminvestment planning. The data is used as anindustry reference point and is frequently citedby the media and by the industry itself. We invite you to find out more at gsma.com Our team of analysts and experts produceregular thought-leading research reports acrossa range of industry topics. www.gsmaintelligence.cominfo@gsmaintelligence.com Authors Kenechi Okeleke, Senior Director, GSMA IntelligenceJames Joiner, Lead Analyst, GSMA Intelligence Contributors Jeanette Whyte, Head of Policy & External Affairs, GSMA Asia PacificNoriswadi Ismail, Senior Director – Data Privacy, GSMASyed Khairulazrin, Policy Director, GSMA Asia PacificYoung Bahn, Policy Director for Advanced Technologies and Digital Markets, GSMA Asia PacificGulistan Ladha, Consumer Policy Director, GSMAMing Sheng Bensen Koh, Senior Policy Manager, Southeast Asia, GSMATooba Kazmi, Senior Manager, Consumer Policy, GSMA © 2025 – GSMA. Contents 04Executive summary 0601Asia Pacific: focusing on digitalisation 02The impact of investments on digitalisation in Asia Pacific09 03Measuring progress: the Digital Nations Index16 04Accelerating digital investment in Asia Pacific30 Appendix35 Executive summary Investmentʼs role in sustaining progress on the journey to a digital nation Across Asia Pacific, digitalisation continues to be a top priority fornations seeking to drive economic growth and foster inclusive, resilientsocieties. Governments increasingly rely on digitalisation to boostproductivity, drive innovation and enhance national competitivenessamid shifting demographics and growing geopolitical uncertainties.Investment is a key enabler of digitalisation, supporting thedevelopment of the five key components of a digital nation –infrastructure, innovation, data governance, security and people. A distinctive feature of the digital investmentlandscape in Asia Pacific is its diversity of fundingsources. Asia Pacific benefits from a unique blendof strategic public and multilateral funding thatcomplements private capital across differentfacets of the digital ecosystem. For example,governments act as catalysts to de-risk andcomplement private capital, while mobileoperators have been at the forefront of efforts todeliver modern connectivity networks. Since2015, mobile operators in the 21 countries coveredas part of this research have collectively investedalmost $440 billion in expanding mobileinfrastructure and services. Set clear national goals for digital investment.Such goals attract private capital by signalling toinvestors that a country is committed to its digitalfuture. Align government policies with digitalisationgoals.Using a whole-of-government approachhelps ensure all departments work towards ashared set of objectives. Use government investment to stimulate privatecapital.Public funds act as a catalyst, providingessential seed funding to instil market confidence. Continued progress with digitalisation will requireincreased efforts to address the digital investmentgap, as indicated by a mismatch between thedemand and supply of digital services, which canlimit the impact of digitalisation or lead to theexclusion of parts of the population. An initial stepto address this is to review progress to date tounderstand the extent of the challenges, anddetermine which areas need the greatest focus.Here, the GSMA Digital Nations Index serves as atool to evaluate performance and enablestakeholders to identify areas for improvement. Avoid regulatory uncertainty. A stable andpredictable regulatory environment reduces riskfor investors and