从业者气候变化适应指南 城市环境风险与解决方案

As a federally owned enterprise, GIZ supports the German Government in achieving its objectives in the field of Published by Deutsche Gesellschaft fürInternationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Registered officesBonn and Eschborn, Germany Address GIZ Office East AsiaTayuan Diplomatic Office Building 2, 16th floor14 Liangmahe Nanlu, Chaoyang District100600 Beijing, PR China Email: climatechangechina@giz.deFor more information on the project and IKI in China please refer toclimatecooperation.cn Project Description This report is an output of the Sino-German Cooperation on Climate Change – NDC Implementation project, a bilateralinitiative by the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Climate Action, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMUKN)in partnership with the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China (MEE) carried out by the The project is implemented on behalf of the International Climate Initiative (IKI) of the Federal Government of Germany.Within the Federal Government, the IKI is anchored in the BMUKN. Selected individual projects are also the responsibility Project DirectorPaul Recknagel Authors Zachary Zeller, Winnie Khaemba, Andrés Ángel, Rosanne Martyr (Climate Analytics) Reviewers Melania Guerra (Climate Analytics)Xing Lianghui, Julia Berndt (GIZ) DesignBeijing Zhuochuang Advertising Co., Ltd Photo creditshttps://pixabay.comhttps://699pic.com Disclaimer The findings, interpretations and conclusions contained in this report solely represent the views and opinions of the Contents Foreword................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1Executive Summary........................................................................................................................................................................................................2Key Definitions...................................................................................................................................................................................................................6 1.1 Context of Climate Change in Cities.........................................................................................................................................................................................................81.2 Degree of Urbanisation...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................101.3 Urban Climate Action......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................132.Risk Assessment....................................................................................................................................................................................................14 2.1 The Integrated Approach...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................152.2 Risk Identification..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................15Key Risks to the Urban Environment....................................................................................................................................................................................................15Drivers of Risk.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................162.3 Risks to Ecosystem Services in Urban Areas..................................................................................................................................................................................17Urbanisation, Land-Use Change, and Ecosystem Services.....................................................................................................................................................172.4 Risk Assessment in the Urban Environment....................................................................................................................................................................................202.5Risk Assessment Methods..................................................................................................