世界卫生组织对全球猴痘疫情的反应

ABOUT THIS The Global Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan (SPRP) formpox, initially covering the six-month period from September2024 to February 2025, provided a framework for public healthpreparedness and response to the mpox emergency. Developedby the World Health Organization (WHO) in collaboration withMember States and partners, the plan had a specific focus This report provides a consolidated update on WHO’s responseto mpox during the second PHEIC period (August 2024 –September 2025), against the objectives laid out in the extendedSPRP. It highlights key actions taken by WHO to detect and 4.Safeand scalable care:ensure health systems areequipped to provide essential and emergency care duringcrises, with scalable capacity to handle surges in demand 5.Accessto countermeasures:facilitate the availabilityand equitable distribution of medical countermeasures Considering the pillars of the mpox response as outlined in theSPRP, activities in this report are presented according to the five 1.Emergency coordination: establish efficient coordinationmechanisms across local, national, and global levels, to In February 2025, following the third meeting of the InternationalHealth Regulations (IHR, 2005) Emergency Committee, theDirector-General, concurring with advice of the Committee,determined that the upsurge of mpox in Africa continued to The report highlights the role of WHO across the key elementsof an effective emergency response – from implementation andoperational support, to developing evidence and research, andproviding strong coordination and planning. While the activitiesdescribed on the following pages were chosen to highlight the 2.Collaborative surveillance: promote the integration of real-time data collection, sharing, and analysis across sectors constitute a public health emergency of international concern(PHEIC), and issued revised temporary recommendations to 3.Communityprotection:focus on building communityresilience and ensuring that communities are engagedin efforts to prevent and mitigate the impact of health RESPONDING TO MPOX: LOOKING On 14 August 2024, WHO declared the upsurge of mpoxcases as a public health emergency of international concern(PHEIC)under the International Health Regulations(2005).This decision followed the emergence and spread of Clade Ib Looking ahead, shifting from an acute emergency responsetomore sustained mpox responses,will require advocacyandresource mobilization to secure funding for priorityinterventions and maintain a vaccine stockpile to respond to The impact was substantial. In the WHO African Region, the case fatality ratio declined from5.6% to 0.5% between August 2024 and September 2025,(3)drivenby earlier detection,improved care,and expandedvaccination. In the Eastern Mediterranean and Western Pacific The declaration mobilized critical resources and prompteda coordinated international response. Over US$ 4.3 millionof critical supplies were procured and distributed, includingtests,personal protective equipment,medicines,medicalconsumables, and laboratory equipment.(1) Some 540 experts WHOand partners will continue to strengthen laboratorynetworks,expanding decentralized testing and sequencingcapacities to ensure rapid turnaround times. Mpox prevention With the substantial decline in the number of countries inactive transmission, on 5 September 2025, WHO declared theend of the mpox PHEIC. The milestone reflected the combinedimpactof national leadership,international solidarity,and Lessonslearned will shape future global standards and operationalguidance for community protection under theHealthEmergency Preparedness,Resilience and Response(HEPR)Framework.WHO and partners are prioritizing theintegrationof these insights into preparedness planning, The end of the PHEIC, however, does not mark the end ofthe threat. Mpox continues to circulate, particularly in high-burden and fragile settings, and new flare-ups remain possible.It remains a Grade 3 level emergency according to the WHOEmergencyResponseFramework,requiringmaximum Risk communication and community engagement activitieswere scaled up in partnership with the Africa Centres forDiseaseControl and Prevention,United Nations Children’s CONTENTS Responding to mpox: Looking back and planning aheadAcronyms and abbreviations35 ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS SITUATION From the beginning of the first global mpox outbreak in 2022 to the end of the second outbreakin September 2025, over 172 510 confirmed cases of mpox were reported, along with over460 mpox-related deaths across 141 countries.(4) The epidemiological landscape of mpox hascontinued to evolve, presenting new transmission patterns and complex public health response Between August 2024 and September 2025, the second PHEIC period, over 62 700 mpox caseswere confirmed, along with 244 mpox-related deaths.(5) The Democratic Republic the of Congocontinued to experience multiple mpox outbreaks – accounting for 53% of cases and 29% ofdeat