加强对食源性疾病的监测和应对：第一阶段手册（B部分）：调查食源性疾病爆发

Stage one manual (part B) Investigating foodborne disease outbreaks Strengthening surveillance ofand response to foodborne diseases Stage one manual (part B) Investigating foodborne disease outbreaks Strengthening surveillance of and response to foodborne diseases. Stage one manual (part B):investigating foodborne disease outbreaks This publication updates the document published in 2017 entitled“Strengthening surveillance of andresponse to foodborne diseases: a practical manual. Stage 1. Investigating foodborne disease outbreaks”. ISBN 978-92-4-011860-7 (electronic version)ISBN 978-92-4-011861-4 (print version) © World Health Organization 2025 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO;https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercialpurposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, thereshould be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The useof the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under thesame or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you shouldadd the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created bythe World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of thistranslation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance withthe mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization(http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules/). Suggested citation.Strengthening surveillance of and response to foodborne diseases. Stage onemanual (part B): investigating foodborne disease outbreaks. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2025.Licence:CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data.CIP data are available athttps://iris.who.int/. Third-party materials.If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party,such as tables, figures or images, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is neededfor that reuse and to obtain permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting frominfringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. General disclaimers.The designations employed and the presentation of the material in thispublication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerningthe legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning thedelimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximateborder lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that theyare endorsed or recommended by WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are notmentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished byinitial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in thispublication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, eitherexpressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with thereader. In no event shall WHO be liable for damages arising from its use. Contents Acknowledgments v Methods vi Abbreviationsviii 1.Introduction1 1.1Purpose of this manual21.2 Who is this manual for?21.3 How to use this manual2 2.Overview5 2.1What is a foodborne disease outbreak?62.2 What causes foodborne disease outbreaks?62.3Why investigate foodborne outbreaks?72.4Steps in a foodborne disease outbreak investigation8 3.What to do beforeleaving the office11 3.1Step 1. Confirm the existence of an outbreak123.2Step 2. Plan and prepare for the outbreak investigation143.3Step 3. Define, find and count suspect cases20 4.What to doin the field23 4.1Step 4. Generate hypotheses and describe the outbreak in terms ofperson, time and place24 4.2 Step 5. Test hypotheses through analytical studies and food,environmental and laboratory investigations32 4.3 Step 6. Identify the point of contamination and the original source of the outbreak45 4.4Step 7. Control the outbreak48 5.What to do at the end of the initialinvestigation53 5.1Step 8. Decide an outbreak is over545.2Step 9. Plan more systematic studies555.3Step 10. Communicate the findings of the investigation56 References 59 Annex 1:Outbreak response team meeting: draft agenda61 Annex 2:Questionnaires 63 Annex 3:Sample line-list81 Annex 4:Food frequency tables83 Outline of an outbreak investigation report87