成员国报告-韩国-2024年金

Minsung KIM, Chung-Ang University, Republic of Korea Agenda •Overview- Energy facts, policy, and market characteristics•R&D activities on industrial heat pumps•Efforts on the deployment of residential heat pumps- Residential HP market condition- Electric grid impact by residential HP water heater Korea Energy Status Electricity Supply Plan •Renewable power generation : 14% at 2020•Renewable power generation 30.6% andnuclear for 34.6% by 2036 Korea Energy Status Energy Supply Chain •Gas network -High penetration rate of naturalgas (residential sector >92%)-Low natural gas price-Low boiler price •Electricity grid-Isolated grid within Koreanpeninsular-Supply-demand match is crucial.-Natural gas has been used as ameasure of demand control ofelectricity. Heat Pump Policy Plan for Carbon Neutralization 2050 •Reduction of direct GHG emission by 35% in building sector until 2030.•Reduction by 88.1% until 2050. Policy on Heat Pump •ACT ON THE PROMOTION OF THE DEVELOPMENT, USE AND DIFFUSION OF NEW ANDRENEWABLE ENERGY, Act No. 17533- Geothermal heat pump •No other visible policy on heat pumps- Efficiency guidelines and R&D roadmaps only •Air source heat pump is not a renewable system. Renewable Heat Pump in Korea Geothermal Heat Pump •Energy production 279,650 toe, System capacity 1.6GW- Mandatory installation policy in public building since 2004.- Public sector covers the largest 0.7GW(44%).- Small capacity (<200kW) occupies ¼. Water Source Heat Pump •Energy production 26,543 toe, System capacity 0.44GW- Beginning stage of deployment- Middle to large capacity system (200-500 kW, 0.22GW) Air Source Heat Pump www.heatpumpingtechnologies.orgwww.heatpumpingtechnologies.org•Not regarded as a renewable energy system- No deployment statistics by government- Deployment is stagnated only for commercial system. MarketCharacteristics •Heat pump market : Residential/No, Commercial/Yes, Industrial/in-progress Importance of residential heat pumps •Market size:2.89 Billion USD including air-conditioning / heat pump in 2024.- By sector : Residential/commercial/industrial sector 1.98/0.67/0.26 Billion USD - By capacity : <10kW 1.43bUSD, 10-20kW 0.89bUSD, 20-30kW 0.36bUSD, >30kW 0.21bUSD-Market growth expected by 3.43 Billion USD in 2026-Stationary or slow-increasing market for heat pumps •Major manufacturers : LG electronics, Samsung electronics- Manufactures and installers are not separated. Manufacturers usually installs the equipment. www.heatpumpingtechnologies.orgwww.heatpumpingtechnologies.org- Ready-made air-conditioners are occupied by major manufacturers.-Full line-ups from absorption to electric air-conditioner / heat pumps 3.5MWthHeat Pumps for Papermaking Process Project overview •Period : 2023.04 ~ 2027.12 •Specification-3.5 MWthheat generation withtemperature difference above 70℃-High temperature supply above 100℃-Oil-free turbo compressor(dual compressor, 4-stage)-Low GWP refrigerant (R-1233zd) High Temperature Heat Pump with Dying Process Waste Heat Project overview •Period : 2022.05 ~ 2025.12•Operator : World E&C Co. (Leader)-Consortium : KRAAC, KITECH•Specification-35 kWthheat pump system-Inverter scroll compressor fordemand matching-PCM for 180 kJ/kg-High temperature water > 85°C Residential HP Market Conditions Climate of Korea •Cooling period of 4 months : High temperature up to 35°C•Heating period of 5 months : Low temperature down to -20°C Load by sectors •Different air-conditioning load by sectors-Residential heating load is 2-3 times larger than cooling.-Commercial cooling load is 1.5 times larger than heating.•Residential cooling is mandatorily required but shortrunning period.(efficiency? function/design!)•Residential heating is mandatorily required with hot watersupply. High energy demand.(electricity tariff >functionality > efficiency) Hot water supply tank Residential HP Market Conditions •The retail prices of natural gas and electricity are low in OECD countries •Concerns on progressive residential electricity price (6 steps -> 4 steps) Residential HP Market Condition Heating Style in Korea House •Difference in cooling (air) and heating (water)-Air-conditioner is an option for a house.- Water heater is a mustfor a house.•Floor heating by hot water- Main heating device : Gas boiler, district heating- For heat pump, hot water storage tank required. Residential HP Market Condition Electricity Grid Concerns •Electricity demand and supply issue in summer-Occurs in summer for high cooling load-Increasing cooling load by climate change •Electricity demand and supply issue in winter-Better situation than summer-Still a number of electric heaters are used in the field.-Commercial heat pumps are popular in the market, but(Air-to-air heat pumps)-Concerns in residential heat pumps on electricity grid. Electricity Demand Increase by Residential HPWH Overview •Preliminary study performed byChung-Ang University supported byKorea Energy Agency•Estimation