经合组织卫生系统审查：罗马尼亚2025

OECD Reviewsof Health Systems:Romania 2025 This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed andarguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Member countries of the OECD. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use ofsuch data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements inthe West Bank under the terms of international law. Please cite this publication as:OECD (2025),OECD Reviews of Health Systems: Romania 2025, OECD Reviews of Health Systems, OECD Publishing, Paris,https://doi.org/10.1787/f52e4a98-en. ISBN 978-92-64-39240-3 (print)ISBN 978-92-64-89107-4 (PDF)ISBN 978-92-64-57099-3 (HTML) OECD Reviews of Health SystemsISSN 1990-1429 (print)ISSN 1990-1410 (online) Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Attribution– you must cite the work.Translations– you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of the original work should be considered valid.Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed inthis adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries.Third-party material– the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and forany claims of infringement.You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work.Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shallbe Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Foreword The OECD Council decided to open accession discussions with Romania on25January 2022. On 10June2022, the Council adopted the Roadmap for the accession of Romania to the OECD Convention[C/MIN(2022)25/FINAL] (the Roadmap) setting out the terms, conditions and process for accession to theOECD. The Roadmap provides thatin order to allow the Council to take an informed decision on theaccession of Romania, Romania will undergo in-depth reviews by the OECD technical committees listedin the Roadmap, including the Health Committee. The present report was prepared to support the accession review discussion of the Health Committee withRomania on 2December 2024, during its 36thsession. This report has benefited from the expertise andmaterial received from many health officials, health professionals, civil society and other health expertsthat the OECD review team interviewed during a fact-finding mission in Bucharest on 25-28June 2024.The report also reflects information provided in November2023 to the Accession Survey on Health DataCapacity, the AccessionReview Policy Questionnaire, as well as the regular OECD Health DataQuestionnaires received in May2024 and updates in 2025. In accordance with paragraph28 of the Roadmap and upon request of Romania, the Health Committeeagreed to declassify this report on 4April 2025 and publish it under the authority of the Secretary-General,in order to allow a wider audience to become acquainted with its content. Publication of this document andthe analysis and recommendations contained therein do not prejudge in any way the outcome ofevaluations conducted as part of Romania’s accession process to the OECD. Acknowledgements This report was managed and prepared by Marion Devaux and Ekin Dagistan. Aimé Nun contributed withresearch assistance. The authors wish to thank Stefano Scarpetta, Mark Pearson, Francesca Colombo,Frederico Guanais, Eric Sutherland, Katarina Vujovic and Maciej Lis from the OECD Directorate forEmployment, Labour and Social Affairs, Vincenzo Spiezia and Limor Shmerling Magazanik from theDirectorate for Science, Technology and Innovation, and Mike Cressey from the Directorate for PublicGovernance. Thanks also go to Natalie Limbasan and Diego Piedra-Trejos from the Directorate for LegalAffairs, to Lucy Hulett for editorial input, to Isabelle Vallard and Sahnur Soykan for administrativeassistance and to Guillaume Haquin and Anna Ma