经合组织劳动力市场和社会政策审查：罗马尼亚2025

OECD Reviews of LabourMarket and Social Policies:Romania2025 This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use ofsuch data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements inthe West Bank under the terms of international law.Please cite this publication as:OECD (2025),OECD Reviews of Labour Market and Social Policies: Romania 2025, OECD Reviews of Labour Market and SocialPolicies, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/f0532908-en.ISBN 978-92-64-52095-0 (print)ISBN 978-92-64-87546-3 (PDF)ISBN 978-92-64-97106-6 (HTML)OECD Reviews of Labour Market and Social PoliciesISSN 2074-3416 (print)ISSN 2074-3408 (online)Photo credits:Cover © Panama7/Getty Images.Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found at: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/support/corrigenda.html.© OECD 2025Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Attribution– you must cite the work.Translations– you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of original work should be considered valid.Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed inthis adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries.Third-party material– the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and forany claims of infringement.You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work.Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shallbe Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. OECD REVIEWS OF LABOUR MARKET AND SOCIAL POLICIES: ROMANIA 2025 © OECD 2025ForewordThe OECD Council decided to openaccession discussions with Romania on 25 January 2022. On 10 June2022, the Council adopted the Roadmap for the accession of Romania to the OECD Convention[C/M(2022)25/FINAL] (the Roadmap) setting out the terms, conditions and process for accession to theOECD. The Roadmap provides that in order to allow the Council to take an informed decision on theaccession of Romania, Romania will undergo in-depth reviews by the OECD technical committees listedin the Roadmap, including the Employment, Labour and Social Affairs Committee.Thebackground report[DELSA/ELSA/ACS(2024)5/REV]that follows was prepared by the OECDSecretariat to support the accession review discussion of the Employment, Labour and Social AffairsCommittee with Romania. The review was prepared by Maciej Lis (project lead, Chapters1, 2 and 5),Sebastian Königs (Chapter3) and Jonathan Chaloff (Chapter4), with statistical support provided by DanaBlumin. Editorial assistance was provided by Hanna Varkki and Marissa Colón-Margolies. Valuablecomments were provided by Stefano Scarpetta, Mark Pearson, Jean-Christophe Dumont, Willem Ademaand several other colleagues at the OECD.The Secretariat is grateful for the insights and contributions provided by specialists from a wide range ofinstitutions, including various national authorities, the social partners, non-governmental organisations andresearch institutions. The report benefited from comments received from the Romanian Ministry of Labourand Social Solidarity.In accordance withparagraph28 of the Roadmap and upon request of Romania, the Employment, Labourand Social Affairs Committee agreed to declassify this report and publish it under the authority of theSecretary-General, in order to allow a wider audience to become acquainted with its content. Publicationof this document and the analysis and recommendations contained therein do not prejudge in any way theoutcome of evaluations conducted as part of Romania’s accession process to the OECD. OECD REVIEWS OF LABOUR MARKET AND SOCIAL POLICIES: ROMANIA 2025 ©OECD 2025Table ofcontentsForewordExecutive summary1 Main Assessment1.1. The labour market and social situation in Romania1.2. Lifting Romania’s workforce potential1.3. Increasing return and improving management of labour migration1.4. Empowering vulnerable households th