酒精与健康的国家快照：东帝汶

Alcohol and health This snapshot provides an overview ofalcohol consumption in Timor-Leste,its health effects, the current policy ▶Opportunities for action response and key opportunities for action.The snapshot was developed to accelerateprogress in the implementation of the fivehigh-impactSAFERinterventions(1), in thecontext of theGlobal Alcohol Action Plan(2). The draft alcohol control bill will bereviewed and revised, as necessary, As part of the SAFER initiative, country teams,supported by WHO, identified opportunitiesto advance action on alcohol policies andinterventions. These cross-disciplinarycountry teams were nominated from different Identify SAFER interventions forimplementation. Country context In May 2002, Timor-Leste became the firstnew sovereign state of the 21st century(3). Significant work has been undertaken systems, government facilities and institutionalframeworks(3). Timor-Leste strongly focuseson noncommunicable disease prevention, withapproximately 51% of deaths attributed to in rebuilding infrastructure such as roads,ports and airports, water and sanitation ▶Alcohol consumption trends ●In 2022, alcohol per capita consumption (15+ years, pure alcohol)was 0.2 litres per year (l/yr) compared with 3.6 l/yr regionally and 5 l/yrglobally(5).●In 2020, 34.5% of adults (15+ years) were current drinkers1, 43.9% menand 24.9% women(5).●In 2020, 9.2% of adults (15+ years) engaged in heavy episodic drinking2,12.8% of men compared to 5.5% of women(5). ▶Unrecorded alcohol ●In 2019, unrecorded per capita consumption was 0.1 litres per year(15+ years, pure alcohol)(5). Health and socio-economic indicators 9.6 %current healthexpenditure as% of the gross Health consequencesof alcohol consumption ▶Mortality and morbidity related to alcohol Alcohol use disorders Liver cirrhosis death rates among males(15+ years) is3%12 month prevalence (2016)(5).among females(15+ years) is0.6%12 month prevalence (2016)(5). among males(15+ years) is4.5 per 100 000population (2019)(5).among females(15+ years) is2.7per 100 000population (2019)(5). ▶Road traffic deaths ▶Young people In 2019,16.9% and 13%of road traffic deathswere attributed to alcohol inmalesandfemalesrespectively(11). In 2019,16.3% of young people(15–19 years) consumed alcohol,17.8% of boysand14.8% of girls(5). Alcohol is a psychoactive substance with dependence-producing properties.The consumption of alcohol and problems related to alcohol vary widely around the About Alcohol consumption results in significantharm to individuals, their familiesand societies. Alcohol (ethanol) is a mainly due to its economic burden on the healthsystem,criminal justice system and labour psychoactive and toxic substance that impactsmultiple biological systems. The consumptionof alcohol is a causal factor in more than 200disease and injury conditions(13). Alcohol wasestimated to have caused 2.6 million deathsworldwide in 2019(14). A significant proportionof the disease burden attributable to alcoholconsumption arises from unintentional and Cultural, social and religious normsinfluence alcohol consumption, as well asits normalization (acceptability), ease ofpurchase (availability) and price (affordability).Addressing this multidimensional causalityrequires a portfolio of high-impactinterventions.SAFERis a technical package Policy mapping in the contextof SAFER interventions1 Strengthen restrictions on alcohol availability ●Alcohol is very available in Timor-Leste ([Regional Office for South-East Asia], [World Health Organization],unpublished information, 2019]).●In 2019, the country had 15 distributors and 206 licensed on-premise outlets and many unlicensed outlets alsooperate in the country ([Regional Office for South East Asia], [World Health Organization], unpublished information,2019]).Timor-Leste hasn’t established a licensing system for the sale of alcohol ([Regional Office for South-East Asia], Advance and enforce drink-driving countermeasures ●The blood-alcohol concentration limit for driving a vehicle is 0.05 g/dl (2017)(16).●The blood-alcohol concentration limit for young people and commercial drivers is 0.05 g/dl (2017)(16). Facilitate access to screening, brief interventions and treatment ●Screening for alcohol use as a risk factor for hypertension and diabetes has started as part of triage and counselling inprimary health care. Enforce bans or comprehensive restrictions on alcohol advertising, sponsorship, ●There are restrictions on alcohol use in public places, including healthcare facilities, education buildings,government offices and public transport(17).●There are no legally binding regulations on alcohol advertising, product placement or sponsorship, Raise prices on alcohol through excise taxes and pricing policies ●In accordance with the New Excise Tax for 2023 the following excise tax apply(18): Beer with alcohol content less than 4.5%: USD 2.7/litreBeer with alcohol content of 4.5% or more: USD 4.5/litreWine, Vermo