2030年全球营养目标：儿童超重简报

Childhood overweight has multiplecauses Most countries are close to meetingthe 2025 target Overweight and obesity are complex and multifaceted,linked to obesogenic environments, psychosocial factorsand genetic variants(7).The main causes are an unhealthydiet, sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity, maternalobesity, the absence of breastfeeding during infancy, andpoverty. Further factors that can influence weight statusare lack of sleep, stress, mental illnesses (for example, Globally, there has been very little change in theprevalence of overweight in children under five years ofage. According to the joint child malnutrition estimatespublished annually by UNICEF, WHO and the World BankGroup, in 2024, 5.5% (35.5 million) of children underfive years of age were overweight compared to the 2012 Though the global prevalence is close to the original2025 target, in some countries, childhood overweight isan increasing public health concern. As of 2024, 73% ofall overweight children under five years of age lived inlower-middle and upper-middle-income countries. Nearlyhalf (46%) of these children are in Asia, and more than While overweight and obesity have traditionally been seenas an issue affecting high-income countries, the prevalencehas increased in low- and middle-income countries. Tomake this even more challenging, lower-middle-incomecountries experience a high burden of undernutrition (suchas stunting and wasting), resulting in a double burden ofmalnutrition(1, 10, 11). Countries continue to deal withthe problems of infectious diseases and high rates of Box 1. World Health Organization definition of overweight in children under 5 years of age Overweight is a condition characterized by excessive adiposity. Overweight is assessed by body mass index (BMI),which is a surrogate marker of adiposity calculated as weight (kg)/height² (m²). In infants and children, BMI categoriesfor defining overweight vary by age and gender, based on WHO growth charts. Children aged 0 to 5 years are classified as overweight if their weight-for-length/height or BMI-for-age falls over2 standard deviations above the median of the WHO Child Growth Standards(12). Source: adapted from (1, 13). What has happened since 2012 countries. It also calls on Member States to draw upcountry-based roadmaps that bring together multiplestakeholders. Targeting children under 5 years of age,the Acceleration Plan has a specific set of actions to Since the launch of theComprehensive implementationplan for maternal, infant and young child nutrition(14), wehave seen increased action at global and country levels to ·The Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity(15) ·The Global Obesity Coalition.Created by UNICEF,WHO and the World Obesity Federation, this coalitioncoordinates efforts to address obesity and to drive theimplementation of the WHO acceleration plan to stopobesity. The coalition combines its expertise, skills,and networks to engage governments and mobilize was established in 2014 to review, build upon andaddress gaps in existing mandates and strategies. Itcalls for governments to take leadership and for all –Regulatory measures that promote the intake ofhealthy foods and reduce the intake of unhealthy –Programmes that promote physical activity andreduce sedentary behaviours. –Guidance for preconception and antenatal care toreduce the risk of childhood obesity.–Guidance on healthy diet, sleep and physicalactivity.–Supporting healthy school environments.–Lifestyle and weight management services. ·WHO acceleration plan to stop obesity(16). In 2022,WHO Member States endorsed the Acceleration Plan,including its new recommendations for preventing andmanaging obesity. The Acceleration Plan promotes thedevelopment of comprehensive policies to promote preventive interventions, or treatment, should haveboth weight and height measured and evaluated againstthe WHO child growth standards. WHO has developedguidelines to support health workers to identify andmanage children with overweight in the context of the Actions to drive progress by 2030 The environment of early life, including intrauterine life,infancy and the preschool period, has a role in mitigatingthe risk of obesity later in life(15). Preventing overweightin children requires improving both nutrition and physicalactivity(15). If adequately strengthened, primary healthcare services can also deliver services to prevent andmanage obesity across the life course(19). Addressing Schools are increasingly seen as an important setting forpromoting the health, development and well-being ofchildren and adolescents. Children under five years of agecan spend a substantial portion of their day in daycareor preschool, and thus, food consumption and physicalactivity can have a high impact on a large number of Health systems are essential for preventing and managingoverweight and obesity. Countries will need to buildcapacity of their health workforce in protecting, promotingand supporting bre