2030年全球营养目标：关于孕产妇、婴儿和幼儿营养的专题简报

Malnutrition remains a globalchallenge Progress and gaps are evident Notable successes in addressing malnutrition can becited. The global rate of exclusive breastfeeding amongstinfants less than six months of age increased from 37% in2012 to 48% in 2024 and is expected to reach the targetof 50% by 2025(6), while the prevalence of overweight Despite the progress made in recent decades, maternal,infant, and young child malnutrition remains a globalissue (seeFig. 1). Conflict, climate change, poverty andgender discrimination are among the major drivers ofmalnutrition. While the number of people facing hunger ison the rise due to ongoing conflicts and global economicchallenges(2), at the same time, cheap ultra-processedfoods that are high in energy, fats, free sugars, and salt,are being aggressively marketed to children. These factors,combined with reduced levels of physical activity, are Despite some progress, however, we are unlikely to meetall the 2025 Global Nutrition Targets. While there hasbeen a notable decline in stunting and to a lesser extentin wasting among children under five years of age, this isinsufficient to meet the 2025 goals(5). No progress has The economic benefits of scaling up nutrition investmentsfar outweigh the costs and offer substantial returns oninvestment. The World Bank’s 2024 Investment frameworkestimates that every dollar spent on early nutritioninterventions can yield US$ 23 in return, contributing Global efforts are in place to tacklemalnutrition led, multisectoral strategies to address all forms of ·Three alliances were formed by WHO, UNICEF andpartners. Since the launch of theComprehensive implementationplan on maternal, infant and young child nutrition (12), –The Global Breastfeeding Collective(19)equipspartners with tools ranging from communicationresources, advocacy briefs, and implementation ·TheNutrition for Growth (N4G)(13)summits haveraised billions of dollars and mobilized hundreds of –The Global Complementary Feeding Collective(20) calls on governments, policymakers and civilsociety to take concrete, coordinated andsynergistic actions to accelerate access to ·The Second International Conference on Nutrition(ICN2)(14)established a Framework for Action in 2014that was endorsed by over 170 governments, setting –The Anaemia Action Alliance(21). Under theleadership of WHO and UNICEF, the Alliance wascreated to foster accelerated and coordinatedefforts among all actors and stakeholders. TheAlliance focuses on workstreams for national ·New financing mechanismsfor nutrition werelaunched, including the Global Financing Facility,Power of Nutrition, UNITLIFE, Nutrition impact bonds, ·TheUN Decade of Action on Nutrition (2016-2030) (15)co-led by the Food and Agriculture Organization ofthe United Nations (FAO) and WHO, the Decade callsfor multisectoral efforts to achieve the global nutrition ·Two global action plans were formed. –The Global Action Plan (GAP) on Child Wasting(22),led byFAO, UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP and WHO aims tostimulate and accelerate progress towards reducingchild wasting. –sustainable, resilient food systems for healthy diets;–aligned health systems providing universal coverageof essential nutrition actions;–social protection and nutrition education; –The WHO acceleration plan to stop obesity(23) promotes the development of comprehensivepolicies on infant and young child feeding, healthydiets, physical activity, and health promoting ·TheUN Food Systems Summit (UNFSS)(16)held in2021 brought together diverse global stakeholdersto advance progress towards the SustainableDevelopment Goals, focusing on sustainable food ·TheCommittee on World Food Security(17)holdsannual sessions to develop policies for eliminatinghunger and malnutrition, with the 2024-2027 strategy ·The Scaling Up Nutrition Movement (SUN)(18) brings together civil society, donors, UN agencies,businesses and researchers aims to support country- Ending malnutrition in all its formsrequires a multisectoral approach To integrate policies and programmes across sectors,governments and their are encouraged to: ·Ensure policies and programmes include nutrition. Ending malnutrition in all its forms requires integratingnutrition into all sectors, including education, food andagriculture, health and nutrition, and social protectionsystems, and WASH. Food systems must be transformed inorder to offer affordable, safe, nutritious, and sustainablediets(24, 25, 26). Nutrition services should be fullyintegrated into health systems to improve maternal, child, ·Set clear SMART targets (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound).·Mobilize resources, both domestically andinternationally. adolescent and adult health(24, 27, 28). By redesigningcash and food transfers to promote healthy diets andpreventive care, social safety nets can help break the cycle Data, monitoring and evaluation ·Strengthen national data systems to monitor food environments, diets and malnutrition us