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走向绿色：移动网络能效基准测试（第二版）

公用事业2023-02-28GSMA亓***

AI智能总结

核心观点与关键数据

背景：随着 LTE 和 5G 的迁移，移动数据流量持续增长，能源效率成为电信运营商的战略重点。GSMA Intelligence 与 10 家运营商合作，开发移动能源效率基准工具，以量化网络能耗和效率水平。
数据来源：10 家运营商提供了 56 个国家 58 个网络的匿名数据，覆盖近 13 亿连接，代表全球 16% 的蜂窝连接。
能耗分布：87% 的能源消耗用于无线接入网 (RAN)，其余 12% 用于网络核心和数据中心，1% 用于其他运营。
效率指标：
- RAN 平均数据流量/单位能耗为 6.86 GB/kWh，即平均每传输 1 GB 数据消耗 0.13 kWh 能量。
- 平均每连接消耗 17 kWh 能量 (0.06 连接/kWh)。
- 平均每个网络站点全年消耗 26,420 kWh 能量 (0.136 站点/kWh)。
- 平均每产生 1 万欧元收入消耗 366 MWh 能量 (2.73 欧元/kWh)。
燃料来源：83% 的能源来自电网的化石燃料，9% 来自可再生能源，8% 来自柴油发电机（主要集中在发展中国家）。
5G 能效：运营商普遍认为 5G 在长期内比以往无线技术更节能，但短期内可能不会立即显现。

研究结论

影响因素：气候、人口密度和数据消费水平等因素会影响能源效率，需要进行数据标准化以便进行比较。
改进方向：运营商可以通过简化站点设计、采用高度集成硬件、使用先进冷却解决方案、利用人工智能和资源优化、进行频谱再利用和用户迁移等方式提高能源效率。
被动基础设施：被动基础设施（如空调）平均消耗 23% 的能源，主要瓶颈包括资本支出强度高、站点可用空间有限和人为破坏。
可持续发展：移动行业致力于到 2050 年实现净零碳排放，50% 的运营商已承诺在十年内迅速减少碳排放。
未来计划：GSMA Intelligence 将在 2023 年继续进行能源效率基准活动，并希望扩大参与运营商的范围，以提高结果的代表性和影响力。

February2023 The GSMA is a global organisation unifying the mobileecosystem to discover, develop and deliver innovationfoundational to positive business environments and societalchange. Our vision is to unlock the full power of connectivityso that people, industry and society thrive. Representingmobile operators and organisations across the mobileecosystem and adjacent industries, the GSMA delivers for itsmembers across three broad pillars: Connectivity for Good, GSMA Intelligence is the definitive source of global mobileoperator data, analysis and forecasts, and publisher ofauthoritative industry reports and research. Our data coversevery operator group, network and MVNO in every countryworldwide – from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe. It is the most GSMA Intelligence is relied on by leading operators,vendors, regulators, financial institutions and third-partyindustry players, to support strategic decision-makingand long-term investment planning. The data is used as We invite you to find out more at gsma.com Our team of analysts and experts produce regular thought-leading research reports across a range of industry topics. Follow the GSMA on Twitter: @GSMA www.gsmaintelligence.com info@gsmaintelligence.com @GSMAi AuthorsEmanuel Kolta,LeadAnalyst, GSMA IntelligenceTim Hatt, Head of Research and Consulting, GSMA Steven Moore, Head of Climate Action, GSMA Contents Executive summary ...........................................................................................................41. Project rationale.............................................................................................................62. Methodology ..................................................................................................................8Selection of a comparable KPI.............................................................................................8Normalisation.......................................................................................................................8Regression analysis.............................................................................................................93. Benchmarking results .................................................................................................10Categorising energy consumption .....................................................................................10Findings .............................................................................................................................11Consumption.............................................................................................................................11Efficiency ..................................................................................................................................11Fuel sources: renewables versus diesel....................................................................................134. Outlook and implications ............................................................................................14How to build and operate an energy-efficient cellular network...........................................14Passive infrastructure ........................................................................................................15Sustainable 5G ..................................................................................................................17Measuring energy efficiency in the 5G era.........................................................................18 5. How to get involved .....................................................................................................21Appendix ..........................................................................................................................22Normalisation.....................................................................................................................22Key factors influencing energy efficiency ...........................................................................22Glossary ...........................................................................................................................24 Executive summary Background Sustained cost pressures and commitments to net zero in support of the 2015 Paris Agreementhave made energy efficiency a strategic priority for many telecoms operators around the world.This is compounded by data traffic rises associated with LTE and 5G migration. To help provide anevidence base for measuring progress, we partnered with a group of operators to develop a Mobile GSMA Intelligence is grateful for the 10 operator groups that participated in the project: AirtelAfrica, Airtel India, Axiata, Chunghwa Telecom, Deutsche Telekom, Etisalat, CK Hutchison GroupTelecom, Reliance Jio, Zain and Tigo (the first network operator in the Americas to join theinitiative). The 10 operators not only provided data about 58 networks in 56 countries but also Highlights O

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