走向绿色：测量移动网络的能源效率（第四版）

Going green:measuring the (Fourth edition) GSMA Intelligence is the definitive source of globalmobile operator data, analysis and forecasts, andpublisher of authoritative industry reports andresearch. Our data covers every operator group,network and MVNO in every country worldwide The GSMA is a global organisation unifying themobile ecosystem to discover, develop and deliverinnovation foundational to positive businessenvironments and societal change. Our vision isto unlock the full power of connectivity so thatpeople, industry and society thrive. Representingmobile operators and organisations across themobile ecosystem and adjacent industries, theGSMA delivers for its members across three broad GSMA Intelligence is relied on by leading operators,vendors, regulators, financial institutions andthird-party industry players, to support strategic Our team of analysts and experts produce regularthought-leading research reports across a range of We invite you to find out more at gsma.com www.gsmaintelligence.com info@gsmaintelligence.com AuthorsEmanuel Kolta, Lead Analyst Tim Hatt, Head of Research and Consulting Contents Executive summary 1.Project rationale 2.MethodologySelection of a comparable KPIHow to compare telecoms networks 3.Benchmarking results6Categorising energy consumption6Findings7 4.Outlook and implicationsHow to build and operate an energy-efficient cellular networkPassive infrastructureSustainable 5GOpen RAN and energy efficiencyMeasuring and reporting energy efficiency in the 5G eraThe value of partnerships 5.How to get involved Appendix Executive summary Background a unique, increasingly salient, network-level globaldata set on energy efficiency, alongside insights intosustainability trends, technologies and best practices.GSMA Intelligence is grateful for the 16 operatorgroups that participated in the project: A1, AirtelAfrica, Axian, Deutsche Telekom, Elisa, Ethio Telecom,Globe, Jio, M1, MTN, Orange, Safaricom, Telecom Sustained cost pressures and commitments to netzero have made energy efficiency a strategic priorityfor telecoms operators; sustainability registered asa top network transformation priority for operatorsaround the world in 2024. Partnering with aglobal set of mobile operators, GSMA Intelligence With each successive year, operator participation inthe benchmarking project has grown. The result is Highlights —On average, 66% of operators’ energy came fromnon-renewables via the electricity grid, 29% camefrom renewables and the remaining 5% came from Our modelling and analysis resulted in a number of —On average, 82% of the mobile network–relatedenergy of the participating operators is consumedin the radio access network (RAN). The network —Participating operators stated in the workshopsthat they used 75% of their total energy in theactive infrastructure and only 25% was consumed —In the markets covered, the average primaryenergy efficiency ratio indicates that operatorsused on average 0.1 kWh of energy to transfer —On average, 14% of the total operationalexpenditure was attributed to energy costs, —In terms of other RAN efficiency ratios, onemobile connection required an average of 14 kWhof energy during the 12-month period, while one These figures are averages from a specific subsetof operators. Even within the sample group, thereis significant variation – and this would apply to theindustry overall too. The results should therefore be Next steps 2024 was the fourth year of tracking energyefficiency by GSMA intelligence, with the highestnumber of participants so far. We intend to GSMA Intelligence hopes that the project will aidbest-practice guidance on the rationale and meansof becoming more energy efficient, given this is 1. Sustained cost pressures and commitments tonet zero have made energy efficiency a strategicpriority for telecoms operators; sustainabilityregistered as a top network transformation foroperators around the world in 2024. Partnering with The research is set against a context of broaderefforts to help tackle climate change and embedsustainable business practices into the telecoms 16 operators participated in this project: A1, AirtelAfrica, Axian, Deutsche Telekom, Elisa, Ethio Telecom,Globe, Jio, M1, MTN, Orange, Safaricom, TelecomArgentina, Telefónica, Vodacom and Vodafone. The Based on a range of energy-related metrics andmore than 5,500 data points gathered, we derived —energy use and energy efficiency —diesel versus renewable energy usage —consumption distribution across different partsof an operator network (RAN, core network and —5G’s energy efficiency —active and passive infrastructure. 2. Selection of a comparable KPI The goal of the Energy Efficiency Analysis andBenchmarking project is to help operators measurethe relative efficiency of their networks. The basicprinciple of efficiency is simple: how much energy is networks in the era of multi-generational networks,including 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G. Four KPIs c