走向绿色：衡量移动网络的能源效率

Going green:measuring the The GSMA is a global organisation unifying themobile ecosystem to discover, develop and deliverinnovation foundational to positive businessenvironments and societal change. Our vision isto unlock the full power of connectivity so thatpeople, industry and society thrive. Representingmobile operators and organisations across themobile ecosystem and adjacent industries, the GSMA Intelligence is the definitive source of globalmobile operator data, analysis and forecasts, andpublisher of authoritative industry reports andresearch. Our data covers every operator group,network and MVNO in every country worldwide GSMA Intelligence is relied on by leading operators,vendors, regulators, financial institutions and third-party industry players, to support strategic decision- Our team of analysts and experts produce regularthought-leading research reports across a range of We invite you to find out more at gsma.com Follow the GSMA on X: @GSMA www.gsmaintelligence.com info@gsmaintelligence.com AuthorsEmanuel Kolta,Lead AnalystTim Hatt,Head of Research and Consulting Published February 2024 Contents Executive summary............................................................................................................................................... 41.Project rationale...............................................................................................................................................62. Methodology........................................................................................................................................................8Selection of a comparable KPI.................................................................................................................................. 8Normalisation................................................................................................................................................................... 8 3.Benchmarking results...................................................................................................................................10Categorising energy consumption........................................................................................................................ 10Findings..............................................................................................................................................................................11 4.Outlook and implications............................................................................................................................. 14How to build and operate an energy-efficient cellular network.....................................................................14Passive infrastructure...................................................................................................................................................16Sustainable 5G................................................................................................................................................................18 Appendix............................................................................................................................................................... 24 Executivesummary With each successive year, operatorparticipation in the benchmarking projecthas grown. The result is a unique, increasinglysalient, network-level, global data set onenergy efficiency yielding so far not measureddatapoints alongside insights into sustainability Sustained cost pressures and commitmentsto net zero have made energy efficiency astrategic priority for telecoms operators;sustainability registered as a top networktransformation priority for operators aroundthe world in 2023.Partnering with a globalset of mobile operators, GSMA Intelligence Deutsche Telekom, e&, Ethio Telecom, Globe,M1, MTN, Optus, Orange, Singtel, TelecomArgentina, Telecom Italia, Telefónica, Telkomseland Veon. The 17 operators not only provideddata about 65 networks in 59 countries butalso actively participated in workshops and Highlights Next steps 2023 was the third year of tracking energyefficiency by GSMAIntelligence. We intend toextend this into a multi-year study witha wider group of industry participantsto increase the representativeness anddirect applicability of the research. GSMA Our modelling and analysis resulted in anumber of findings at a global level: •76% of the energy of the participatingoperators is consumed in the radio accessnetwork (RAN). The network core and •In the markets covered, the averageprimary energy efficiency ratio in theRAN reached 6.83 GB/kWh. Accordingto our data set, this also indicates that •In terms of other RAN efficiency ratios, onemobile connection required an average of14 kWh of energy during the 12 months, •On average, 73% of operators’ energycame from the electricity grid mix, 21%came from purchased and generatedrenewables and the remaining 6% came