东帝汶经济报告，2025年9月：机会之地——现代土地管理如何解锁东帝汶的经济转型（英）

Public Disclosure Authorized ©2025 The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet:www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved This work is a product of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarilyreflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does not assumeresponsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to usethe information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes and otherinformation shown in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of anyterritory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The citation of works authored by others does not mean the WorldBank endorses the views expressed by those authors or the content of their works. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities ofThe World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this workmay be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: “World Bank. 2025. Timor-Leste Economic Report: Land of Opportunities: HowModern Land Administration Can Unlock Timor-Leste’s Economic Transformation”. © World Bank.” Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank,1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail:pubrights@worldbank.org. Cover photo: ©Trevar Skillicorn-Chilver/unsplash.com. Used with the permission ofTrevar Skillicorn-Chilver. Further permission Otherphotos in the report:©Jaime Gusmao/unsplash.com,©Sony Herdiana/adobe.stock.com,©SonyHerdiana/adobe.stock.com. Used with the permission of Jaime Gusmao and Sony Herdiana. Further permission required for reuse. Cover design: ArsiantiThe report was designed and typeset by Arsianti. Timor-Leste Economic Report Land of Opportunities: HowModernLandAdministrationCanUnlockTimor-Leste’sEconomic Transformation September2025 Acknowledgments The Timor-Leste Economic Report (TLER) is abi-annual World Bank report that assesses recent macroeconomicdevelopments,outlook,and risks, as well as specific development challenges for the Timorese economy. In doing so,the TLER aims to inform the public policy debate and is geared towards a wide audience, including the general public,thegovernment, the private sector, civil society organizations, and other domestic and international stakeholders. The TLER is a product of the World Bank Jakarta andDilioffice and receives strategic guidance fromCarolynTurk,DivisionDirector for Indonesia and Timor-Leste.The report is prepared by theEconomic PolicyGlobal Practice team,under the leadership ofSebastian Eckardt(Practice Manager),Bjorn Philipp(Practice Manager)andDavidFreedman(WBG Resident Representative). The first and second chapters were led by Amina Coulibaly and Yus Medina Pakpahan.The focus chapter was also prepared byWillem Van Der Muur (Senior Land Administration Specialist)andDaoHarrison(Senior Housing Specialist,)with contributions fromAmina Coulibaly.Rideca Duarteprovided administrativesupport and coordinated the report's launch event. The report also benefited from comments provided byAlief Rezza(Senior Economist),Djeneba Doumbia (Economist),Mika-Petteri Torhonen (Lead Land Administration Specialist)Bernardo Ribeiro de Almeida(Assistant Professor at the Leiden University College and Leiden University Law School) We extend ourappreciation to the Ministry of Finance,National InstituteofStatistics Timor-Leste(INETL), IP, andthe Central Bank of Timor-Leste,whose data served as the foundation for this report. This report is a product of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/TheWorld Bank. The findings,interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directorsof the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of thedataincluded in thisreport.The data cut-offonJune30,2025.The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other informationshown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal statusof any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. To receive the TLER and related publications by email, please email adeoliveira1@worldbank.org. For questions andcomments, please email acou