人形机器人：愿景与现实

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY & KEY FINDINGS ................................................... 3 IN BRIEF .......................................................................................................... 4 •What is a humanoid robot?.................................................................. 4•Humanoid robots for industrial use...................................................... 4•Humanoid robots for service use......................................................... 4 •Drivers of humanoid development....................................................... 5•Main industries and applications ......................................................... 5•Technological Trends .......................................................................... 6•Tradeoffs and limitations of humanoids............................................... 7•Humanoid adoption by region ............................................................. 7•Ethical and regulatory considerations ................................................. 9•Economic view..................................................................................... 9•Outlook ................................................................................................ 9 APPENDIX ..................................................................................................... 10 •References ........................................................................................ 10•Contact .............................................................................................. 10•Lists of Suppliers (status: 04/2025) ................................................... 11 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY & KEY FINDINGS pave the way for new application scenarios ofsmart manufacturing. Hype about humanoid robots People's interest has been fueled by futuristicscenarios involving humanoid robots in homes,businesses, and public spaces. This fascinationhas a cultural backdrop, as humanoids havelong been a staple of science fiction, particularlyin film. People are intrigued by the prospect ofthesefictional depictions becoming reality.Recent videos on social media showcasing thepotential of AI-powered humanoids have furtherboosted this interest, suggesting an impendingrevolution in robotics. (Please find more details in DEEP DIVE “TechnologicalTrends”). US Tech and government invest The idea of a revolution in robotics is reinforcedbymajor tech companies such as NVIDIA,Tesla and Amazon, as well as private investors,announcing significant funding for humanoidrobots. The support of a growing number ofstart-upsis also contributing to the currenthype. Additionally, there is significant interest intheir use for military and security purposes,resulting in substantial funding from DARPAand the US Department of Defense. Robots for human-centric environments The objective behind constructing humanoidrobotsis to tackle tasks in human-centricenvironmentsand push the boundaries ofroboticsin both research and practicalapplications. The vision is to create ageneral-purpose robotthat can perform not just onetask,but many.The demand for a quick,universal helper to maintain manufacturing andservices is evident given that most developedeconomies are experiencing persistent laborshortages and impending demographic shifts.Tothe extent that our environments areoptimizedfor the human body,a general-purposerobot based on human motionmechanicsand form factor could have anadvantage.As technology evolves,theserobots are expected to be increasingly used infields ranging fromindustrial useandserviceuse. China promotes humanoid robots At the same time, China - the world´s largestmarket for industrial robots - published detailedgoalsfor the country’s ambitions to mass-producehumanoids.China’s Ministry ofIndustryand Information Technology(MIIT)predictshumanoids are likely to becomeanotherdisruptive technology,similar tocomputers or smartphones, that could trans-form the way we produce goods and the wayhumanslive.China's initiative to promotehumanoid robots as a cutting-edge technologyis an important next step in integrating roboticswith other emerging technologies. (Please find more in DEEP DIVE -Humanoid adoption byregion) (Please find definitions in IN BRIEF). Trends driving development Significant technological breakthroughs havebeen made in recent years, including advancesinAI,machine learning and improved corecomponents,whichhaveenhancedthecapabilitiesofhumanoids.Inparticular,generative AI has led to new methods by whichhumanoids acquire their capabilities. They canlearn from demonstration and even figure outtasks independently. This could also transformthe way traditional robots are programmed and IN BRIEF hearing,touchsensing,interactingwithhumans and environments. What is a humanoid robot? ISO 8373:2021 defines a humanoid robot as arobot with body, head and limbs, looking andmoving like a human. Intro Ahumanoid robotis a robot that resemblesthe human body in shape. Thes