重振发展：宜居星球经济学

Richard Damania, Ebad Ebadi, Kentaro Mayr,Jason Russ, and Esha ZaveriPublic Disclosure Authorized Reboot Development Reboot Development The Economics of a Livable Planet Richard Damania, Ebad Ebadi, Kentaro Mayr,Jason Russ, and Esha Zaveri © 2025 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet:www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 428 27 26 25 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings,interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views ofThe World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in thiswork and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, orliability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions setforth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes, and other information shown in this work donot imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or theendorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The citation of works authored by others does not meanThe World Bank endorses the views expressed by those authors or the content of their works. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of theprivileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you arefree to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under thefollowing conditions: Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: Damania, Richard, Ebad Ebadi, Kentaro Mayr, Jason Russ, andEsha Zaveri. 2025.Reboot Development: The Economics of a Livable Planet. Washington, DC: World Bank.doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-2271-1. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with theattribution:This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an officialWorld Bank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation. Adaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with theattribution:This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in theadaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed byThe World Bank. Third-party content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content containedwithin the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third-party-ownedindividual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties.The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to re-use a componentof the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that re-use and to obtainpermission from the copyright owner. Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables,figures, or images. All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank,1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; e-mail:pubrights@worldbank.org. ISBN (paper): 978-1-4648-2271-1ISBN (electronic): 978-1-4648-2272-8DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-2271-1 Cover image:Africa, Europe, and Asia at night viewed from space with city lights. View of Earth from space.Elements of this image furnished by NASA. © Buradaki / Shutterstock.com. Used with the permission ofBuradaki / Shutterstock.com. Further permission required for reuse. Cover design:Bill Pragluski, Critical Stages, LLC The Library of Congress Control Number is 2025915305. Contents Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiiiMain Messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvAbbreviations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxv CHAPTER 1 Introduction: Economic Choices for a Finite Planet What is a livable planet?1Humanity’s growing footprint2The science of biosphere limits8Critical foundations: Revisiting the economics of a livable planet10The structure of this report and the way forward16Notes16References17 SPOTLIGHT 1 Decoupling Environmental