内陆发展中国家：回顾与展望未来十年的加速行动（英）2025

LandlockedDevelopingCountries:Looking Backand Ahead Accelerating Action in the next 10 Years Acknowledgements The report was prepared by Renata Rubian, Dajna Sorensen, Rishi Chakraborty, and Kevin Li (King’sCollege/LSE). The report benefited from the overall strategic guidance and steering of Marcos Neto,Director of the UNDP Bureau for Policy and Programme Support (BPPS); Francine Pickup, Deputy Directorof UNDP BPPS; and George Gray Molina, Chief Economist and Director of Inclusive Growth, UNDP BPPS. Adela Pozder-Cengic, Aleida Ferreyra, Alessandro Ercolani, Carolina Rivera, Dan Malinovich, DilshodAkbarov, Evelyne Bamba, Gerardo Noto, Jacob Assa, Jonathan Zigrand, Krisanhty Supangkat, LarsJensen, Luciana Trinidad de Aguiar, Luisa Bernal, Mandeep Dhaliwal, Midori Paxton, Mthokozisi Tshuma,Natalia Linou, Nazik Abdyyeva, Nizar Kaddouh, Owen Shumba, Rania Mohamed Osman MohamedHadra, Raquel Lagunas, Raymond Gilpin, Riad Meddeb, Robert Gerenge, Roy Small, Sahba Sobhani,Sangita Khadka, Santiago Cunial, Stefano Pistolese, Suffaneena Sufian, Tim Scott, Umberto Labate,Uyanga Gankhuyag, Veronique Gerard, Vesna Dzuteska-Bisheva, and Yuping Chan, are thanked for theirin-depth technical reviews. Andrew Rizk, Kelly Mcbride, and Saira Bilal are thanked for their contributionson the budget expenditures for the past 10 years across UNDP country offices located in LLDCs. Disclaimer The findings, interpretations and conclusions contained in this report do not necessarily reflect the viewsof the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and its Executive Board or the governments itrepresents. UNDP does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. For any errors or omissions, please send a message to SDG1@undp.org. Copyright © UNDP 2025. All rights reserved. United Nations Development ProgrammeOne United Nations PlazaNew York, NY, 100017 USAwww.undp.org Executive Summary Over the past ten years, UNDP has partnered with all 32 Landlocked Developing Countries (LLDCs) tosupport the implementation of the Vienna Programme of Action, investing over USD 12.5 billion acrossareas such as governance, climate resilience, economic transformation, and financing for development.With a universal presence in LLDCs, UNDP translated global expertise into context-specific solutionsthrough its country offices. Below is a synopsis of UNDP's policy and programmatic work aligned withnational priorities. 1GovernanceSystems and Institutional Capacity:Effective governance is essential forsustainable development in LLDCs, shaping inclusive service delivery, trust, and institutionalresilience. UNDP addresses challenges such as democratic backsliding, digital transformation,andweak accountability through support for decentralization,capacity building,andparticipatory governance. In countries such as Nepal, Moldova, Lao PDR, and Mali, these effortshave strengthened institutions amid complex crises. Looking ahead, the Awaza Programme ofAction and UNDP’s priorities in the coming years position governance as central to structuraltransformation, with a focus on digital infrastructure, inclusive economic governance, and localengagement. 2Regional Connectivity and Trade in LLDCs:Over the past decade, UNDP has supportedLLDCs in enhancing trade infrastructure, harmonizing cross-border procedures, and aligningnational strategies with regional frameworks such as the African Continental Free Trade Area(AfCFTA). Through the Enhanced Integrated Framework (EIF) and Aid for Trade programmes,UNDP has delivered impactful support in countries like South Sudan, Lesotho, Bhutan, andacross Central Asia — boosting MSME competitiveness, expanding access to digital andregionalmarkets,and advancing inclusive trade policies.These efforts have improvedinstitutionalcapacity,created jobs,strengthened value chains,and enabled women-ledenterprises to access new trade opportunities. Looking ahead, UNDP will scale support for tradeand transit reforms, digital trade, and sustainable value chain integration, aligned with the AwazaProgramme of Action and UNDP’s priorities. 3Local Economic Development and MSMEs in LLDCs:MSMEs are the backbone of LLDCeconomies, yet face persistent barriers to finance, markets, and technology — challengescompounded for women, youth, and informal workers. UNDP has supported all LLDCs instrengthening inclusive local economies by enhancing MSME productivity, market access, digitalinclusion,and value chain development.Through initiatives like the SDG Value ChainsProgramme, Aid for Trade, and national platforms such as Malawi’s Innovation Challenge Fundand Botswana’s Supplier Development Programme, UNDP has expanded financing, createdjobs, empowered women entrepreneurs, and built resilience in sectors from agriculture toe-commerce. Looking ahead, UNDP will continue advancing inclusive, digitally enabled, andgender-responsive MSME ecosystems to drive equitable growth and local development acrossLLDCs. 4Climate Resilience and Energy Tr