大规模集会模拟演习和事后审查实用指南

Mass gatheringpractical guidefor simulationexercises and afteraction reviews Mass gathering practical guide for simulation exercises and after action reviewsISBN 978-92-4-010484-6 (electronic version)ISBN 978-92-4-010485-3 (print version)© World Health Organization 2025Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike3.0IGO licence (CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO;https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo).Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes,provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestionthat WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If youadapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If youcreate a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “Thistranslation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content oraccuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”.Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediationrules of the World Intellectual Property Organization (http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules/).Suggested citation. Mass gathering practical guide for simulation exercises and after action reviews. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2025. Licence:CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO.Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data.CIP data are available athttps://iris.who.int/.Sales, rights and licensing.To purchase WHO publications, seehttps://www.who.int/publications/book-orders.To submit requests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, seehttps://www.who.int/copyright.Third-party materials.If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables,figures or images, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtainpermission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-ownedcomponent in the work rests solely with the user.General disclaimers.The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do notimply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country,territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted anddashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsedor recommended by WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissionsexcepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. How-ever, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. Theresponsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall WHO be liable fordamages arising from its use. ContentsChapter 1.Mass gathering preparednessChapter 2.Mass gathering simulation exercisesChapter 3.After action reviews of mass gatheringsAnnex 1.Annex 2. iiiAcknowledgementsivAbbreviationsvIntroductionviMethods descriptionvii158References12Further reading and resource materials13Mass gathering simulation exercise toolkit15Tool 1. Facilitator’s guide16Tool 2. Concept note template25Tool 3. SimEx scenarios examples on health emergency incidents30Tool 4. Participant’s guide31Tool 5. Feedback form template34Mass gathering after action review toolkit36Tool 1. Mass gathering AAR trigger question database36 AcknowledgementsThisMass gathering practical guide for simulation exercises and after action reviewsis the result of acollaboration between World Health Organization (WHO) headquarters teams, in particular the MassGatherings Team of the Country Readiness Strengthening (CRS) Department – notably Amaia ArtazcozGlaria, Maria Borodina, Louisa Nyangoma Ayebare under the supervision of Ninglan Wang – and theSimulation Exercises and Action Reviews Team of the Health Emergency Preparedness Department:Candice Vente, Elliot Brennan, Gillian Dacey, Hanna Tereshchenko, Allan Bell, Akbar Esengulov,Monica Mc Dougall under the supervision of Landry Ndriko Mayigane.We extend our special thanks to our colleagues at WHO Regional Offices, including Tanja Schmidt,Nicolas Isla and Aimee Latta of the Regional Office for Europe, Harsh Lata and Taylor Warren of theRegional Office for the Western Pacific, Fatima Arifi, Amgad Elkholy of the Regional Office for theEast