数字化转型及其在扩大伊拉克、约旦和黎巴嫩妇女经济机会方面的作用（英）2025

© 2025 The World Bank Group1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.orgThis work is a product of the staff of The World Bank Group. “The World Bank Group” refers to the legally separateorganizations of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the International DevelopmentAssociation (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency(MIGA).While believed reliable, the World Bank Group does not guarantee the accuracy, reliability or completeness of thecontent included in this work, or for the conclusions or judgments described herein, and accepts no responsibility orliability for any omissions or errors (including, without limitation, typographical errors and technical errors) in thecontent whatsoever or for reliance thereon. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown onany map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of the World Bank Group concerning the legal status ofany territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The findings, interpretations, and conclusionsexpressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of the World Bank Group orthe governments they represent.Nothing herein shall constitute, imply or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges andimmunities of any of The World Bank Group organizations, all of which are specifically reserved.Rights and PermissionsThe material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank Group encourages dissemination of itsknowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for non-commercial purposes as long as full attributionto this work is given. All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The WorldBank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org.Publication design: Sarah AlameddineAttribution — Please cite the work as follows: “World Bank. 2025. Digital Transformation and its Role in ExpandingWomen’s Economic Opportunities in Iraq, Jordan and Lebanon. Washington D.C.: World Bank.” DIGITAL TRANSFORMATIONAND ITS ROLE IN EXPANDINGWOMEN’S ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIESIN IRAQ, JORDAN AND LEBANONS T A T E O F T H E M A S H R E Q W O M E N F L A G S H I P 2 2ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe preparation of this report was led by Aziz Atamanov, Gladys Lopez Acevedo, and Jonna Lundwall. It benefitedsignificantly from the background report prepared by Gladys Lopez Acevedo, Raymond Robertson, Eddys Gonzalez,Adeel Tariq, Daniel Hemenway, and Laura Wallace. The team is grateful to Minh Cong Nguyen, Angela Elzir Assy,Nour Al Moghrabi, Gharam Alkastalani Dexter, and Samantha Constant for their support in the collection of thedata, fielding the structured interviews, and production of the report. Samia Melhem and Abdallah Jabbour peer-reviewed the document. The report was produced under the overall guidance of Jean-Christophe Carret, SylviaSolf, and Salman Zaidi. Veronica Anne Suozzi has edited the document.The work to produce this report was part of the Mashreq Gender Facility (MGF). This Facility provides technicalassistance to Iraq, Jordan, and Lebanon to enhance women’s economic empowerment and opportunities. Workingwith the private sector, civil society organizations, and development partners, the MGF supports government-ledefforts, country-level priorities, and strategic regional activities that strengthen the enabling environment forwomen’s economic participation and improve women’s access to economic opportunities. The MGF is a WorldBank - IFC initiative in collaboration with the governments of Canada and Norway. It is mainly supported by theUmbrella Facility for Gender Equality that counts on generous contributions from Australia, Canada, Denmark,Finland, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom,the United States, the Gates Foundation, and the Wellspring Philanthropic Fund.https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/mashreq-gender-facility TABLE OF CONTENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.....................................................................................................................................2ABBREVIATIONS ANDACRONYMS.................................................................................................................. 7EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.......................................................................................................................................8Improvements in regulations and infrastructure are needed to enable the supply of affordable and high-qualityinternet and digital technologies.................................................................................................................................................................. 8Gender divides persist, but improving affordability and safety, and investing in education and digital skills