我国集约化猪场种猪蹄病发生率与解决方案

集约化养猪业中蹄病的危害Harm of lameness in intensive swine farms我国集约化猪场蹄病发生率Prevalence of Claw Lesions in Intensiveswine farms in China蹄病形成原因分析Causeof Claw Lesions蹄病解决方案Solutionsforclawlesions Definition of an intensiveswinefarm: The annual number of pigs sold for slaughter is more than 500.我国的集约化养猪状况INTENSIVE SWINE FARM IN CHINA702023202442.537.736.234051015202530354045502014201520162017金宝（中国）营养科技有限公司 ©ZinproCorporation 2024年末我国主要养猪区域生猪存栏THE LIVE PIG INVENTORY IN MAIN FEEDING AREA OF CHINA AT THE ENDOF 202424.322.516.615.715.514.29.68.7114.9生猪存栏，百万头The live pig inventory in China，Million heads9%8%8%7%6%6%6%5%4%4%4%3%2%2%26%生猪存栏比例Percentage of the live pig inventory in China河南Henan湖南Hunan四川Sichuan山东Shandong湖北Hubei广西Guangxi江西Jiangxi贵州Guizhou安徽Anhui福建Fujian山西Shanxi其他Other农业农村部，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China▪2024年我国生猪存栏4.27亿头。我国养猪主要集中在南方和中部地区，14个养猪大省存栏量占全国75%。At the end of 2024, the national pig inventory reached 427 million heads. swine farm in China is mainly concentrated in southernand central regions, with the inventoryof pigs in 14 major swine-feeding provinces accounting for 75% of China.金宝（中国）营养科技有限公司 28.926.725.2云南Yunnan广东Guangdong江苏Jiangsu ⚫前20集团存栏母猪1049万头，占全国数量的25%。510,000450,000280,000260,000260,000 250,000230,000200,000200,000180,000160,000150,000 150,00074.325.8TOP20母猪存栏占比Percentage for TOP 20其他OtersTOP 20排名前20集团母猪存栏数THE INVENTORY OF BREEDING SOWS IN TOP 20 GROUPSThe top 20 groups have 10.49 million sows, accounting for 25% of China.金宝（中国）营养科技有限公司 3,500,0001,740,000850,000740,000 0500,0001,000,0001,500,0002,000,0002,500,0003,000,0003,500,0004,000,000 ©ZinproCorporation▪“猪肢蹄病”是对猪四肢和四蹄疾病的总称，也称为跛足病，主要病征是行走异常、站立不稳，四肢支撑身体困难等。"Swine limb and claw disease" is a general term for diseases of the four limbs and claws of pigs, also known as lameness. Themain symptoms include abnormal walking, unstable standing, anddifficulties in supporting the body with the four limbs.▪金宝公司最早建立了“行走移动评分”评定标准以判断肢蹄病的严重程度。Zinprowas the first to establish the evaluation standard of “Locomotion Scoring" to determine the severity of limb and claw diseases.▪跛足发生率高低多以因跛足淘汰母猪数占总淘汰母猪数的比例来衡量。The incidence of lameness is mostly measured by the proportion of sows culled due to lameness in the total number of culled sows.▪“蹄病”是指蹄部损伤，金宝公司将其分为7种。“Claw Lesions" refers to claw injuries, which are classified into seven types byZinpro. 肢蹄病对猪行为健康的影响THEIMPACT OF LAMENESS ON PIG BEHAVIOR AND HEALTHAssessment of lameness in sows using gait, footprints, postural behavior and foot lesion analysis，Animal, page 1 of 11 , 2013, doi:10.1017/S1751731113000098Heinonen, M., Peltoniemi, O., &Valros, A. (2013). Impact of lameness and claw lesions in sows on welfare, health and production. Livestock Science, 156(1-3), 2-9.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2013.06.002⚫躺卧时间增长，活动量显著减少。24小时站立时间，跛行母猪仅占6.3%，非跛行占14.5%。The lying-down time increases and the activity level decreases significantly. Within 24 hours，standing time for lame sows account for only 6.3%, while non-lame sows account for⚫采食量减少，影响营养摄入与生长，因摄食不足，跛足母猪更易变瘦，体况下降。The feed intake decreases, affecting nutrient intake and growth.Due to insufficient food intake, lame sows are more likely to become thin. The body condition deteriorates.⚫喝水减少，排尿频率降低，后躯变脏，导致泌尿生殖系统感染。The water intake decreases, which may lead to a decline in the frequency of urination，dirty hindquarters of the pig and reproductive system infection.⚫母猪弓背比例增加，行动不灵活，容易压死仔猪，造成经济损失。The proportion of arched-back sows increases. Inflexible movement makes it easy to crush piglets and leads to economic losses.金宝（中国）营养科技有限公司 ©ZinproCorporation14.5%. 严重炎症性疾病Severe Inflammatory Illness肿瘤坏死因子αTNFα白细胞介素-1IL-1下丘脑Hypothalamus促性腺激素释放激素GnRH类固醇生成Steroidogenesis内源性细胞因子Intrinsic Cytokines卵巢细胞凋亡Apoptosis of Ovarian Cells肢蹄病对母猪卵巢的影响THE IMPACT OF LAMENESS ON THE OVARIES OF SOWSKnauer et al., 2007 Prev Vet Med 82:3,198闭锁卵泡数与母猪后腿病发生呈正相关（P < 0.01）。The number of atretic follicles is positively correlated with the hind leg disease in sows (P < 0.01).金宝（中国）营养科技有限公司 肢蹄病对母猪生产性能的影响THE IMPACT OF LAMENESS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SOWSAdapted from Hallowell A, Pierdon M. Effects of lameness on productivity and longevity forsows in pen gestation.J Swine Health Prod. 2022;30(4):223-229.https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1271P < 0.00110.310.888.599.51010.511Pigs weaned/litter, nLameNot Lame1.15 PSY每窝断奶仔猪头数121416182022断奶前死亡率⚫23个养殖场，2014年至2020年间214,254头母猪淘汰状况分析23 farms for the removal of 214,254 sows from 2014 through 2020.跛足正常金宝（中国）营养科技有限公司 数据详情Data木乃伊胎发生率跛足母猪患木乃伊胎发生率是健康母猪的2倍（P= 0.014）The probability of mummified fetuses in lame sows is twice that in healthy sows (P = 0.014).The parity of culled sows因跛足淘汰母猪平均胎次2.6±1.3，其他原因淘汰母猪平均胎次4.0±1.8The average parity of sows culled due to lameness is 2.6±1.3, and the average parity of sows culled for other reasonsis 4.0±1.8.The probability of stillborn有表皮损伤母猪死胎几率增加（P = 0.021）The probability of stillborn piglets increases in sows with skin lesions.；有白线病变母猪死胎几率增加（P = 0.036）The probability of stillborn piglets increases in sows with w