未来工作：东亚和太平洋地区的机器人、人工智能和数字平台2025

Future JobsThis book, along with any associated content or subsequent updates,can be accessed athttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/43040. East Asia and Pacific Development StudiesFuture JobsRobots, Artificial Intelligence, andDigital Platforms in East Asia and PacificOmar AriasDaisuke FukuzawaDuong Trung LeAaditya Mattoo © 2025 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet:www.worldbank.orgSome rights reserved1 2 3 428 27 26 25This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings,interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views ofThe World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent.The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in thiswork and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, orliability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions setforth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes, and other information shown in this workdo not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory orthe endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The citation of works authored by others does not meanThe World Bank endorses the views expressed by those authors or the content of their works.Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of theprivileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.Rights and PermissionsThis work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are freeto copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the followingconditions:Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: Arias, Omar, Daisuke Fukuzawa, Duong Trung Le, and AadityaMattoo. 2025.Future Jobs: Robots, Artificial Intelligence, and Digital Platforms in East Asia and Pacific.East Asia and Pacific Development Studies. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-2199-8.License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGOTranslations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with theattribution:This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an officialWorld Bank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation.Adaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along withthe attribution:This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinionsexpressed in the adaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation andare not endorsed by The World Bank.Third-party content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content containedwithin the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third-party-ownedindividual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those thirdparties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to re-use acomponent of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that re-useand to obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examples of components can include, but are notlimited to, tables, figures, or images.All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank,1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; e-mail:pubrights@worldbank.org.ISBN (paper): 978-1-4648-2199-8ISBN (electronic): 978-1-4648-2216-2DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-2199-8Cover artwork:© Mai Huy Dũng, “Z 01,” 2019, acrylic on canvas. Used with permission.Further permission required for reuse.About the artist:Mai Huy Dũng (b. 1974) is a Vietnamese artist creating independent art in a modernizingViet Nam. With a unique, expressive style, Dũng’s work captures the color, rhythm, and evolving identity ofcontemporary life (https://www.maihuydung.com/c35/author.html).Cover design:Guillaume Musel, Pi COMM, France / Bill Pragluski, Critical Stages, LLC.Library of Congress Control Number: 2025935441 E A S T A SIA A N D PACIFIC DE V ELO PMEN T S TUDIESThe EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC DEVELOPMENT STUDIES explore economic issues inone of the most vibrant regions at a time of rapid technological change. Topicsrange from improving productivity and jobs to advancing services reform, and fromenhancing education and health care to facilitating the green transition. Each volumeblends analysis, examples, and policy lessons of interest to scholars, policy makers,and practitioners.TITLES IN THE SERIESFirm Foundations o