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绿色氢用于工业脱碳：中亚和南高加索

公用事业2025-05-14IRENA�***

AI智能总结

Central Asia and the South Caucasus region possess significant renewable energy potential, including high solar and wind resources, which could support large-scale green hydrogen production. However, the region faces challenges in realizing this potential due to its reliance on fossil fuels, socio-economic and geopolitical challenges, and the absence of comprehensive national hydrogen strategies.

The region’s energy sector is heavily dependent on fossil fuels, with hydropower being the only significant renewable energy source in some countries. This reliance exposes economies to global market fluctuations and hinders progress towards decarbonization. Green hydrogen offers a promising solution for decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors, such as steel and ammonia production, and could catalyze industrial innovation and enhance energy security.

Despite the drivers, several barriers hinder green hydrogen development. The lack of national hydrogen strategies and clear roadmaps, low electricity prices, ageing energy infrastructure, water scarcity, and technological and skill gaps pose significant challenges. To overcome these obstacles, the report recommends a coordinated and phased approach, prioritizing no-regret applications such as ammonia and steel production, modernizing infrastructure, leveraging raw material potential, and building capacity for skills development.

The report identifies five key pillars for advancing green hydrogen deployment:

Strategic approach: Focus on no-regret applications, develop a national hydrogen strategy, implement a phased approach, and engage in regional collaboration.
Enabling environment: Enhance awareness, establish an implementation framework, introduce risk mitigation measures, and encourage corporate sourcing.
Power sector and water infrastructure co-benefits: Implement value sharing in power grid and water infrastructure, prioritize projects with lower water impact, and monitor the water-related effects of green hydrogen production.
Greening of industry: Adopt carbon pricing policies, leverage raw material potential, and capitalize on proximity to technology providers.
Skills development: Build knowledge for political decision makers and public authorities, develop standards, curricula, and capacity building for educators, target the fossil fuel workforce, and expand the pool of talent to include a diverse workforce.

By focusing on these areas, Central Asia and the South Caucasus can leverage its renewable energy potential and establish a sustainable green hydrogen economy, contributing to global climate goals and fostering economic resilience.

GREEN HYDROGENFOR INDUSTRIAL DECARBONISATION: CENTRAL ASIAAND THESOUTH CAUCASUS © IRENA 2025 Unless otherwise stated, material in this publication may be freely used, shared, copied, reproduced, printed and/orstored, provided that appropriate acknowledgement is given of IRENA as the source and copyright holder. Material in thispublication that is attributed to third parties may be subject to separate terms of use and restrictions, and appropriatepermissions from these third parties may need to be secured before any use of such material. ISBN: 978-92-9260-661-9 Citation: IRENA (2025),Green hydrogen for industrial decarbonisation: Central Asia and the South Caucasus, InternationalRenewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi About IRENA The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) serves as the principal platform for internationalco-operation, a centre of excellence, a repository of policy, technology, resource and financial knowledge, and adriver of action on the ground to advance the transformation of the global energy system. An intergovernmentalorganisation established in 2011, IRENA promotes the widespread adoption and sustainable use of all forms ofrenewable energy, including bioenergy, geothermal, hydropower, ocean, solar and wind energy, in the pursuitof sustainable development, energy access, energy security and low-carbon economic growth and prosperity.www.irena.org Acknowledgements The report was developed under the guidance of Ute Collier (Acting Director, IRENA Knowledge, Policy and Finance Centre).It was authored by Patricia Wild, Emanuele Bianco (exIRENA), Yury Melnikov (consultant) and Abdullah Fahad. The authors are grateful for the valuable input and contributions from IRENA colleagues: Varvara Aleksić, Celia García-Baños, Arno van den Bos, Samah Elsayed, Begonia Figueroa, Imen Gherboudj, Petya Icheva, Karan Kochhar, Larissa PinheiroPupo Nogueira, Zafar Samadov, Zebigul Shekhova, Sibghat Ullah and James Walker; as well as from Raul Alfaro Pelico andZhanar Kuanyshkaliyeva (ex-IRENA). Thereportbenefitedfrominterviews,reviewsandcommentsfromexpertsincluding:ManuelAndresh(GIZ),Jasurjon Akhatov (Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan), Khujanazar Aslamshoev (Tetratech), Irana Bagirova (Central AsiaRegional Economic Cooperation [CAREC]), Agha Bayramov (University of Groningen), Robert Brudzynski (Delegation of theEuropean Union to the Republic of Kazakhstan), Cristian Carraretto (European Bank for Reconstruction and Development[EBRD]), Smeeta Fokeer (United Nations Industrial Development Organization [UNIDO]), Justin Goonesinghe (Tetratech),Ruslan Isaev (GIZ), Paul Komor (IRENA Technical Reviewer), Tianyi Luo (Bluerisk), Branko Milicevic (United NationsEconomic Commission for Europe [UNECE]), Murman Margvelashvili (World Experience for Georgia), Giorgi Mukhigulishvili(World Experience for Georgia), Tatiana Mitrova (Center on Global Energy Policy at Columbia University), Nicholas Pomeroy(AngloKazakh), Alexey Presnov (Analytic Energy Agency), Alexander Ritschel (Masdar), Aliya Salimzhuarova (CAN SET),Omar Tsereteli (Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia), Ainur Tumysheva (Hyrasia One), NurbekYessetov (GIZ) and Yana Zabanova (Research Institute for Sustainability – RIFS Potsdam). Publication and editorial support were provided by Francis Field and Stephanie Clarke. The report was edited by EmilyYouers, with design by Sambenito. Disclaimer This publication and the material herein are provided “as is”. All reasonable precautions have been taken by IRENA to verify thereliability of the material in this publication. However, neither IRENA nor any of its officials, agents or other third-party contentproviders provides a warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, and accept no responsibility or liability for any consequenceof use of the publication or material herein. The information contained herein does not necessarily represent the views of all Members of IRENA. The mention of specificcompanies or certain projects or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by IRENA in preference toothers of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The designations employed and the presentation of material herein do not implythe expression of any opinion on the part of IRENA concerning the legal status of any region, country, territory, city or area or ofits authorities, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries. Contents FiguresTablesBoxesAbbreviations Executive summary The role of green hydrogenDrivers for green hydrogen developmentBarriers to green hydrogen developmentRecommendations for green hydrogen deployment 5678 IntroductionThe regionGreen hydrogen A regional perspective on green hydrogen17Drivers for green hydrogen17Barriers togreen hydrogen25 In focus: The water aspect Recommendations for advancing green hydrogen development in the region37Pillar 1: Strategic approach39Pillar 2: Enabling environment40Pillar 3: Power sector and water

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