山区基于自然的解决方案：评估中亚和南高加索地区基于自然的减少灾害风险解决方案的潜力

Assessing the Potential ofNature-Based Solutionsfor Disaster Risk Reductionin Central Asia andSouth CaucasusPublic Disclosure Authorized Disclaimer © 2025 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: +1-202-473-1000; Internet:www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved. This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank and the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR). The findings,interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors,or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibilityfor any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods,processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not implyany judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The WorldBank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions This work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in wholeor in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Attribution Please cite this work as follows: World Bank, 2025. Nature-Based Solutions in Mountains. Assessing the Potential of Nature-Based Solutionsfor Disaster Risk Reduction in Central Asia and South Caucasus. World Bank, Washington, DC. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY-NC 3.0 IGO Authors The project was made possible through support from the Governments of Austria and Switzerland, the World Bank, and the Global Facility forDisaster Reduction and Recovery. This report was written by Bunafsha Mislimshoeva and Alejandra Castellanos (RESALLIENCE Sixense Engineering), Sourav Biswas Kumar,Manushi Ashok Jain, Praveen Raj R. M., and Saloni Nathan (Sponge Collaborative) with regional engagement support from Tigran Mkrtchyanand Mari Chakryan (Environmental Sustainability Assistance Center), as well as Zhyrgalbek Kozhomberdiev and Azamat Usupbekov (CAMPAlatoo). The overall study has been managed by the World Bank team including Masatsugu Takamatsu, Gonzalo Gutiérrez Goizueta, and BrendenJongman. Layout: Martin Velasco / 5W Infographics The authors and the World Bank team would like to extend our sincere appreciation to the following World Bank colleagues for supporting thepreparation of the report: Boris Ton Van Zanten, Irina Ghaplanyan, Henrike Brecht, Yoko Kobayashi, Erika Vargas, Christoph Pusch, Peter Ellis,Robert Mansour Harrison, and all others who participated in the TDD Austria held in September 2024. Third-party content The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained within the work. The World Bank therefore does notwarrant that the use of any third-party-owned individual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those thirdparties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringements rests solely with you. If you wish to reuse a component of the work, it is yourresponsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examples ofcomponents can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or images. All queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 HStreet NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; e-mail:pubrights@worldbank.org Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. INTRODUCTION1.1. Context of the Assessment1.2. About this Report2. NBS FOR RESILIENT MOUNTAINS2.1. Overview of Risks and Hazards in CA & SC2.2. Hazards Intensification Under Climate Change2.3. Why NBS for the CA & SC regions?2.4. Current Level of NBS Uptake in the CA & SC Regions3. PRACTICAL APPROACH TO IDENTIFYING NBS IN MOUNTAIN AREAS3.1. Understanding Your Risks and Hazards: Anthropogenic and Climate Drivers3.2. Understanding Your Areas: The Landscape Zones Concept3.3. Understanding the Different Types of NBS: NBS Typologies and Sub-typologies3.4. Understanding the Potential of NBS: Linking NBS Typology with Zones and Risks3.5. Applying the Framework Across Eight Representative Landscapes in CA & SC3.6. Stakeholder Engagement - An Overarching Process4. APPLICATION TO REPRESENTATIVE LANDSCAPES4.1. Highland Cities4.2. Valley Towns and Villages4.3. High Mountain Areas5. KEY ACTIONABLE RECOMMENDATIONS TO ENHANCE NBS IMPLEMENTATION5.1. Country-level Challenges, Opportu