循环经济可以为美国企业解锁1.5万亿美元

A MESSAGE FROM THE SECRETARY1Executive Order 14008, “Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad,” January 27, 2021.The Biden Administration has laid out a bold agenda toaddress the climate crisis and build a clean and equitableenergy economy that achieves carbon-pollution-freeelectricity by 2035, and puts the United States on a pathto achieve net-zero emissions, economy-wide, by no laterthan 20501to the benefit of all Americans.Lithium-based batteries power our daily lives from consumerelectronics to national defense. They enable electrification ofthe transportation sector and provide stationary grid storage,critical to developing the clean-energy economy. The U.S. hasa strong research community, a robust innovation infrastructurefor technological advancement of batteries, and an emerginglithium-based, battery manufacturing industry.Establishing a domestic supply chain for lithium-based batteriesrequires a national commitment to both solving breakthroughscientific challenges for new materials and developing amanufacturing base that meets the demands of the growingelectric vehicle (EV) and stationary grid storage markets.This National Blueprint for Lithium Batteries, developed bythe Federal Consortium for Advanced Batteries will help guideinvestments to develop a domestic lithium-battery manufacturingvalue chain that creates equitable clean-energy manufacturingjobs in America while helping to mitigate climate change impacts.Signed,Jennifer M. GranholmSecretary of EnergyU.S. Department of Energy Jennifer M. GranholmSecretary of EnergyU.S. Department of Energy OVERVIEWThis document outlines a national blueprint to guide investments in the urgentdevelopment of a domestic lithium-battery manufacturing value chain that createsequitable clean-energy manufacturing jobs in America, building a clean-energyeconomy and helping to mitigate climate change impacts. The worldwide lithium-battery market is expected to grow by a factor of 5 to 10 in the next decade.The U.S. industrial base must be positioned to respond to this vast increase inmarket demand that otherwise will likely benefit well-resourced and supportedcompetitors in Asia and Europe.2Battery market projections provided in Figure 2.The Federal Consortium for Advanced Batteries(FCAB) is led by the Departments of Energy,Defense, Commerce, and State and includesmany organizations across the government.FCAB brings together Federal agencies to providea coordinated approach to ensuring a domesticsupply of lithium batteries and acceleratingthe development of a robust and securedomestic industrial base. This blueprint detailsa path to achieving this desired outcome.Strong collaboration with U.S. academic institutions,national laboratories, industrial stakeholders,and international allies is an integral featureof this blueprint. 2Vision for the Lithium-BatterySupply ChainBy 2030, the United States and itspartners will establish a secure batterymaterials and technology supply chainthat supports long-term U.S. economiccompetitiveness and equitable jobcreation, enables decarbonization,advances social justice, and meetsnational security requirements. 6VISION AND GOALSEstablishing a domestic supply chain for lithium-basedbatteries requires a national commitment to both solvingbreakthrough scientific challenges for new materials anddeveloping a manufacturing base that meets the demandsof the growing electric vehicle (EV) and electrical grid storagemarkets. As the domestic supply chain develops, efforts areneeded to update environmental and labor standards andto ensure equitable development of workforce opportunitiesincluding those communities that have been historicallyunderserved. Attainment of the following five goals willposition the United States to secure this vision:GOAL 1Secure access to raw and refinedmaterials and discover alternatives forcritical minerals for commercial anddefense applicationsA robust, secure, domestic industrial base for lithium-basedbatteries requires access to a reliable supply of raw, refined,and processed material inputs along with parallel efforts todevelop substitutes that are sustainable and diversify supplyfrom both secondary and unconventional sources. The goalis to reduce U.S. lithium-battery manufacturing dependenceon scarce materials, especially cobalt and nickel, in orderto develop a stronger, more secure and resilient supplychain. Working through ongoing U.S. Government initiativesand with allies to secure reliable domestic and foreignsources for critical minerals3is as vital as ultimatelyreplacing these materials in the lithium-battery supplychain. New or expanded production must be held to modernstandards for environmental protection, best-practice laborconditions, and rigorous community consultation, includingwith tribal nations through government-to-governmentcollaboration, while recognizing the economic costs ofwaste treatment and processing.GOAL 2Support the growth of a U.S.materials-processing base able to meetdomestic