2025年社会保障状况报告：20亿人的挑战2025

State of Social ProtectionReport 2025 State of Social ProtectionReport 2025 The 2-Billion-Person Challenge © 2025 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet:www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 428 27 26 25 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, andconclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of ExecutiveDirectors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work anddoes not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respectto the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors,denominations, links/footnotes, and other information shown in this work do not imply any judgment on the part ofThe World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.The citation of works authored by others does not mean The World Bank endorses the views expressed by those authorsor the content of their works. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges andimmunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are freeto copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions: Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: World Bank. 2025.State of Social Protection Report 2025:The 2-Billion-Person Challenge. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-2156-1. License: CreativeCommons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution:This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation.The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation. Adaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution:This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the soleresponsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by The World Bank. Third-party content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained within thework. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third-party-owned individual component orpart contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting fromsuch infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to re-use a component of the work, it is your responsibilityto determine whether permission is needed for that re-use and to obtain permission from the copyright owner.Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or images. All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank, 1818 H StreetNW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; e-mail:pubrights@worldbank.org. ISBN (paper): 978-1-4648-2156-1ISBN (electronic): 978-1-4648-2157-8DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-2156-1 Cover illustration: Israel D. Melendez, World BankCover design: Ivanna Georgina Locomandis, World Bank The Library of Congress Control Number has been requested. State of Social Protection Report Series TheState of Social Protection Reportseries examines global trends in the size,composition, and evolution of social protection systems. It documents advancesand challenges in strengthening social protection across low- and middle-incomecountries and discusses avenues to gradually close the coverage gap for the world’spoorest. This series expands on previous reports on the state of social safety nets toinclude analysis of social insurance and labor market programs to provide a completepicture of the social protection global landscape. The analysis presented in the seriesdraws from the most up-to-date administrative and household survey data fromthe World Bank Atlas of Social Protection Indicators of Resilience and Equity(ASPIRE). Titles in the Series 2025State of Social Protection Report 2025: The 2-Billion-Person Challenge(2025), World Bank 2018The State of Social Safety Nets 2018(2018), World Bank 2015The State of Social Safety Nets 2015(2015), World Bank 2014The State of Social Safety Nets 2014(2014), World Bank Contents AcknowledgmentsxiAbout the AuthorsxvExecutive SummaryxviiAbbreviationsxxiii Introd