MARCH 2025 CAREC ROAD CRASHINVESTIGATION MANUAL MARCH 2025 Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) © 2025 Asian Development Bank6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, PhilippinesTel +63 2 8632 4444; Fax +63 2 8636 2444www.adb.org Some rights reserved. Published in 2025. ISBN 978-92-9277-225-3 (print); 978-92-9277-226-0 (PDF); 978-92-9277-227-7 (ebook)Publication Stock No. TIM250078-2DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/TIM250078-2 The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policiesof the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for anyconsequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that theyare endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, ADB does notintend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. This publication is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. By using the content of this publication, you agree to be boundby the terms of this license. For attribution, translations, adaptations, and permissions, please read the provisionsand terms of use at https://www.adb.org/terms-use#openaccess. This CC license does not apply to non-ADB copyright materials in this publication. If the material is attributedto another source, please contact the copyright owner or publisher of that source for permission to reproduce it.ADB cannot be held liable for any claims that arise as a result of your use of the material. Please contact pubsmarketing@adb.org if you have questions or comments with respect to content, or if you wishto obtain copyright permission for your intended use that does not fall within these terms, or for permission to usethe ADB logo. Corrigenda to ADB publications may be found at http://www.adb.org/publications/corrigenda. Contents Abbreviationsvi 1Introduction1 1.1Background11.2Scope and Structure of the Manual3 2Collection 2.1Crash and Casualty Data62.2Risk Exposure Data282.3Safety Performance Indicators342.4National Central Road Safety Database and Data Sharing362.5Health and Safety During Crash Data Collection and Investigation37 3Data Analysis 40 3.1Diagnosis of Data and Variables413.2Selection of Countermeasures for a Critical Location60 4Reporting and Presentation70 4.1Developing Clear and Concise Reports and Presenting Data Efficiently704.2Communicating Findings to Stakeholders714.3Training and Refresher Courses724.4Using Data to Inform Road Safety Initiatives73 Appendixes 1Sample Data Forms752Possible Crash Contributing Factors82 Tables, Figures, and Boxes Tables 1Common Challenges in Crash Data Collection and Investigation72Definitions of Crash Fatalities and Injuries103Variables Related to Crash134Variables Related to Road165Variables Related to Traffic Unit196Variables Related to Person217Haddon Matrix258Risk Exposure Measures289Safety Performance Indicators for Road Safety with Definitions3510Crash Scene Safety Requirements3711Sources for Countermeasures6612Proposed Report Structure7013Activities Carried Out by the Main Agencies Involved in Road Safety7214Topics to Be Addressed in Training and Capacity-Building Initiatives72A1.1Crash or Impact Type77A1.2Type of Intersection78A1.3Type of Intersection Control79A1.4Traffic Unit Type80A1.5Traffic Unit Maneuver80A1.6Type of Injury81A2.1Possible Factors Contributing to Road Crashes That Involve Pedestrians and Cyclists82A2.2Possible Factors Contributing to Road Crashes Along Road Segments83A2.3Possible Factors Contributing to Road Crashes at Signalized Intersections84A2.4Possible Factors Contributing to Road Crashes at Unsignalized Intersections85 Figures 1Road Safety Management System22Road Safety Decision Cycle33Structure of the Crash Investigation Manual44Example of a Common Information System Used by Police, Hospitals, and Insurance Companies7to Collect Data—Each User Has Access Only to the Respective Module5Example of a Collision Diagram246Example of a Collision Diagram Including Key Distances257Example of a Crash Reconstruction with Drone278Main Aspects of a National Road Crash Database37 9Sample Layout of a Road Traffic Crash Scene3910Data Analysis Pyramid4111Macro Analysis of Crash Data4212Sample Graph of Crash Rate Trends4213Sample Graph of Territorial Trends4314Sample Graph of Territorial Comparisons4315Sample Graph of Statistics by Transport Mode4416Sample Trend Graph of Victims by Type of Vehicle4517Sample Trend Graph of Victims by Type of Road User4518Sample Graph of Road Crashes by Type4619Sample Graph of Fatality