世界石油展望2050（2024年版）

2024 World OilOutlook2050 WorldOilOutlook20502024 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries Digital access to the WOO:an interactive user experience 24/7 OPEC’s World Oil Outlook (WOO) is part of the Organization’s commitment to market stability.The publication is a means to highlight and further the understanding of the many possiblefuture challenges and opportunities for the oil industry. It is also a channel to encouragedialogue, cooperation and transparency between OPEC and other stakeholders within theindustry. As part of OPEC’s ongoing efforts to improve user experience of the WOO and provide datatransparency, two digital interfaces are available: the OPEC WOO App and the interactiveversion of the WOO. The OPEC WOO App provides increased access to the publication’s vital analysis and energy-related data. It is ideal for energy professionals, oil industry stakeholders, policymakers,market analysts, academics and the media. The App’s search engine enables users to easilyfind information, and its bookmarking function allows them to store and review their favouritearticles. Its versatility also allows users to compare graphs and tables interactively, therebymaximizing information extraction and empowering users to undertake their own analysis. The interactive version of the WOO also provides the possibility to download specific dataand information, thereby enhancing user experience. Access theinteractive version DownloadOPEC WOO App OPEC is a permanent, intergovernmental organization, established in Baghdad, Iraq, on10–14 September 1960. The Organization comprises 12 Members: Algeria, Republic of theCongo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria,Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Venezuela. The Organization has its headquartersin Vienna, Austria. © OPEC Secretariat, September 2024Helferstorferstrasse 17A-1010 Vienna, Austriawww.opec.org ISBN 978-3-9504890-8-8 The data, analysis and any other information (the “information”) contained in the World Oil Outlook (the “WOO”) isfor informational purposes only and is neither intended as a substitute for advice from business, finance, investmentconsultant or other professional; nor is it meant to be a benchmark or input data to a benchmark of any kind. Whilstreasonable efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in the World Oil Outlook,the OPEC Secretariat makes no warranties or representations as to its accuracy, relevance or comprehensiveness,and assumes no liability or responsibility for any inaccuracy, error or omission, or for any loss or damage arising inconnection with or attributable to any action ordecision taken as a result of using or relying on the information inthe World Oil Outlook. The views expressed in the World Oil Outlook are those of the OPEC Secretariat and do notnecessarily reflect the views of its governing bodies or Member Countries. The designation of geographical entitiesin the World Oil Outlook, and the use and presentation of data and other materials, do not imply the expression ofany opinion whatsoever on the part of OPEC and/or its Member Countries concerning the legal status of any country,territory or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the exploration, exploitation, refining, marketing and utilization ofits petroleum or other energy resources. Full reproduction, copying or transmission of the World Oil Outlook is not permitted in any form or by any means bythird parties without the OPEC Secretariat’s written permission, however, the information contained therein may beused and/or reproduced for educational and other non-commercial purposes without the OPEC Secretariat’s priorwritten permission, provided that it is fully acknowledged as the copyright holder. The World Oil Outlook may containreferences to material(s) from third parties, whose copyright must be acknowledged by obtaining necessary authori-zation from the copyright owner(s). The OPEC Secretariat or its governing bodies shall not be liable or responsiblefor any unauthorized use of any third party material(s). All rights of the World Oil Outlook shall be reserved to theOPEC Secretariat, as applicable, including every exclusive economic right, in full or per excerpts, with special refer-ence but without limitation, to the right to publish it by press and/or by any communications medium whatsoever;translate, include in a data base, make changes, transform and process for any kind of use, including radio, televisionor cinema adaptations, as well as a sound-video recording, audio-visual screenplays and electronic processing ofany kind and nature whatsoever. Acknowledgements Secretary General, Chairman of the Editorial BoardHE Haitham Al Ghais Director, Research Division, Editor-in-Chief and Office in Charge, PR & Information DepartmentAyed S. Al-Qahtani Head, Energy Studies Department, EditorAbderrezak Benyoucef Main contributorsChapter 1: Key assumptionsMoh