世界能源展望特别报告：智利2050能源转型路线图

INTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCY The IEA examines thefull spectrumof energy issuesincluding oil, gas andcoal supply anddemand, renewableenergy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand sidemanagement andmuch more. Throughits work, the IEAadvocates policiesthat will enhance thereliability, affordabilityand sustainability ofenergy in its32Member countries,13Associationcountries andbeyond. IEAMembercountries: IEA Associationcountries: AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited States ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraine This publication and anymap included herein arewithout prejudice to thestatus of or sovereignty overany territory, to thedelimitation of internationalfrontiers and boundaries andto the name of any territory,city or area. The EuropeanCommission alsoparticipates in thework of the IEA Source: IEA.International Energy AgencyWebsite: www.iea.org This report was designed and directed byLaura Cozzi, Director for Sustainability, Technologyand Outlooks, of the International Energy Agency (IEA). The lead authors and co-ordinatorsof the report wereStéphanie BouckaertandBrent Wanner.Blandine Barreauled oninstitutional relations. Principal IEA authors of the report include:Julie Dallard(electricity),Victor García Tapia(demand),Nicholas Salmon(industry),Eric Buisson(critical minerals),Sangitha Harmsen(buildings),Brieuc Nerincx(affordability),Vera O’Riordan(transport),Amalia Pizarro(hydrogen) andMax Schoenfisch(fuel supply). Other valuable contributions were made byOskaras Alšauskas,Maria De Oliveira Laurin,Michael Drtil,Jérôme Hilaire,JavierJorquera Copier,Carolina Ladero,Alex Martinos,Michael McGovern, Luca Lo Ré, Mari Nishiumi,Silvia Saddi, Ors Sumeghy,andAnthonyVautrin. Audrey Forguesprovided essential support. Edmund Hoskercarried editorial responsibility.Debra Justuswas the copy-editor. Valuable comments and feedback were provided by members of senior management andnumerous other colleagues within the IEA. In particular: Davide D’Ambrosio, Pablo Hevia-Koch,Joerg Husar,Tae-Yoon Kim,Tim Gould,Uwe Remme,Thomas Spencer,andDaniel Wetzel. Thanks to the IEA Communications and Digital Office for their help in producing the reportand website materials. The IEA Office of the Legal Counsel, Office of Management andAdministration and Energy Data Centre provided assistance throughout the preparation ofthe report. The work was carried out in close collaboration with the Chilean Ministry of Energy(Ministerio de Energía, Gobierno de Chile). Special thanks go toIsabella Villanueva García(Head, Planning & Climate Change Unit),Fernando Ortiz Toloza(Head, International AffairsOffice),Daniela Rodríguez Celis(Coordinator, International Affairs Office), Matías ParedesVergara, Pedro Rencoret Valdés, Ignacio Soto Morales, Alejandra Vargas Cáceres, MatildeSpoerer Verdun, Bárbara Eguiguren Ebensperger, Rubén Guzmán Quintana, Ignacio CuevasGonzález. The report also benefited from the contribution of María Angela Ruz Ocaranza(Counsellor, Permanent Delegation of Chile to the OECD). Valuable input to the analysis was provided by David Wilkinson (independent consultant). The work could not have been achieved without the support and co-operation providedthrough the IEA Clean Energy Transitions Programme, in particular, this report has beenproduced with the financial assistance of the European Union. Peer reviewers Many senior government officials and experts provided input and reviewed preliminarydrafts of the report. Their comments and suggestions were of great value. They include: Daniel Águila SotoHarmeet BawaÁlvaro BaezaCarlos BenavidesIsabella Boese Diego BórquezJavier Bustos Salvagno Juan Meriches RiverosFabián Olave Davide PuglielliIgnacio Rivas The work reflects the views of the International Energy Agency Secretariat but does notnecessarily reflect those of individual IEA member countries or of any particular funder,supporter or collaborator. None of the IEA or any funder, supporter or collaborator thatcontributed to this work makes any representation or warranty, express or implied, inrespect of the work’s contents (including its completeness or accuracy) and shall not beresponsible for any use of, or reliance on, the work. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of orsovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundariesand to the name of any territory, city or area. Comments and questions are welcome and should be addressed to: Stéphanie Bouckaert and Brent Wanner Directorate of Sustainability, Technology and OutlooksInternational Energy Agency9, rue de la Fédération75739 Paris Cedex 15FranceE-mail: weo@iea.org Acknowled