开放金融：韩国经验与东亚及太平洋地区的机遇与挑战2024

Open Finance: the Korean Experience& Opportunities and Challenges forthe East Asia and Pacific RegionPublic Disclosure Authorized © 2024 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NWWashington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings,interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the viewsof The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the dataincluded in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, ordiscrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to usethe information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors,denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply anyjudgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or theendorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiverof the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encouragesdissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, fornoncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed toWorld Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433,USA; fax: 202-522- 2625; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. World Bank GroupFinance, Competitiveness and InnovationGlobal Practice Open Finance: the KoreanExperience & Opportunitiesand Challenges forthe East Asia and Pacific Region Acknowledgment This paper is a product of the World Bank Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation (FCI) GlobalPractice’s East Asia and Pacific Region, Seoul Center for Finance and Innovation (Seoul Center),Korea Financial Telecommunications & Clearings Institute (KFTC), and Korea Institute of Finance(KIF). It is part of a larger effort by the World Bank Korea Office to contribute to development policydiscussions on innovation matters in the East Asia and Pacific region and around the world. The authors1are extremely thankful for the support of the World Bank, KIF and KFTC for theirpartnership on this paper. Thanks also go to Bank Indonesia and Bangko Sentral Ng Pilipinas for theircooperation in completing the survey on their open finance development. The authors appreciateguidance and comments from Zafer Mustafaoglu (Practice Manager, FCI), Fredesvinda Fatima Montes(Senior Financial Sector Specialist, FCI), Marius Vismantas (Lead Financial Sector Specialist, FCI),Maria Fernandez Vidal (Senior Financial Sector Specialist, FCI), Guillermo Alfonso Galicia Rabadan(Consultant, FCI), and Stuart Yikona (Program Manager, FCI Seoul Center). The authors also thankSeongki Hong (Senior Financial Sector Specialist, FCI) and Seungeun Jeong (Consultant, FCI SeoulCenter) for all the support in the finalization of this paper. This paper’s findings, interpretations, and conclusions are entirely those of the authors and donot necessarily represent the views of the World Bank, its executive directors, or the countries itrepresents. Finally, the authors would like to thank the Ministry of Economy and Finance of the Republic of Koreafor its continued partnership in supporting the work of the Seoul Center and the development ofthe financial and private sectors in the East Asia and Pacific. Contents Executive Summary.........................................................................................................8 3.1.Open Banking....................................................................................................263.2. Open Finance....................................................................................................35 4. Opportunities and Challenges in the East Asia and Pacific...........................................45 4.1. Overview..........................................................................................................464.2.Country-Level Analysis: Indonesia.......................................................................574.3.Country-Level Analysis: The Philippines................................................................63 Annexes......................................................................................................................67 Annex 4A. Indicators for Assessing Financial Development............................................68Annex 4B. Middle-Income Countries’ Financial Sector Development by Region (2016–21)....69 5. Policy Implications for the East Asia and Paci