The paper explores China's fossil fuel consumption under the energy transition and its geopolitical implications. The authors, Michal Meidan, Anders Hove, and Michal Meidan, are experts in the field of energy research. The paper is a product of the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies (OIES) and is funded by the Ministry of Defence, UK. The authors acknowledge the support of Philip Andrews-Speed, Bassam Fattouh, and James Henderson. The paper is the authors' sole responsibility and does not necessarily represent the views of the OIES or its members.