荷兰金融业的净零承诺和审慎风险

Net‑Zero Commitmentsand Prudential Risksin the Dutch Financial Sector This work is issued under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD, and does not necessarily reflect theofficial views of OECD Member countries. This document was produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can inno way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Photo credits:Cover © Sanderstock/Getty Images. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Attribution– you must cite the work.Translations– you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of the original work should be considered valid.Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed inthis adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries.Third-party material– the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and forany claims of infringement.You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work.Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shallbe Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Foreword This report aims to support De Nederlandsche Bank (DNB), the central bank of the Netherlands, inassessing risks stemming from financial institutions’ net-zero commitments. Failing to align with net-zerocommitments may expose financial institutions to legal and reputational risks as well as other prudentialrisks driven by climate-related risks. This report develops a supervisory framework for assessing theserisks. Chapter 1 sets out the report’sobjective, analytical approach and structure, and explains why risksstemming from net-zero commitments may be relevant for prudential supervision. Chapter 2 reviews the main climate-related disclosure frameworks relevant for Dutch financial institutions.It covers frameworks designed to support prudential risk assessment, as well as other relevant frameworksthat may also provide useful information for supervisors. Chapter 3 examines the climate-related information financial institutions currently disclose in practicebased on a detailed review of disclosures from 43 Dutch and other European financial institutions. Thesedisclosures provide insight into the metrics and indicators institutions use to manage climate-related net-zero transition risks. The chapter reviews public disclosures by Dutch financial institutions, including banks,pension funds and insurers, and assesses how this information may support assessment of net-zerocommitments. Chapter 4 discusses the practical challenges supervisors face when relying on climate-related disclosures.It highlights limitations in comparability, methodology and data quality, as well as potential blind spots thatmay limit supervisors in assessing net-zero commitments and related risks. The chapter also explains howDNB, and by extension other supervisors, may use internal data to address these challenges. It alsoidentifies remaining obstacles and sets out considerations for supervisors and policy makers. Chapter 5 develops a monitoring framework that DNB can use to assess legal and reputational risksstemming from financial institutions’ net-zero commitments, as well as other prudential risks that may arisewhere alignment with net-zero pathways is delayed or insufficient. It includes guidance for quantitative andqualitative assessment, including governance and risk-management practices. The analysis is based on a detailed review of public disclosures by 43 Dutch and European financialinstitutions, as well as a cross-country analysis of selected indicators using the OECD CorporateSustainability dataset. This report was funded by the European Union via the Technical Support Instrument, and implemented bythe OECD, in co-operation with the European Commission’Reform and Investment Task Force (SGREFORM). It was developed by the Capital Markets and Financial Institutions Division of the OECDDirectorate for Financial and Enterprise A