诸边贸易协定的下一步是什么？在多边贸易体系中扩大和加强诸边协定

Expanding and strengthening plurilateralagreements in the multilateral trading system Policy paper Copyright © 2026 International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) ICC holds all copyright and other intellectual property rights in this collective work, and encourages itsreproduction and dissemination subject to the following: •ICC must be cited as the source and copyright holder mentioning the title of the document,©International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), and the publication year.•Express written permission must be obtained for any modification,adaptationor translation, for anycommercial use, and for use in any manner that implies that anotherorganisationor person is thesource of, or is associated with, the work.•The work may not be reproduced or made available on websites except through a link to therelevant ICC web page (not to the document itself). Permission can be requested from ICCthroughipmanagement@iccwbo.org. July 2026 | What next for plurilateral trade agreements? |2 Table of contents List of acronyms4Executive summary5IIntroduction8IIEvolution of WTO plurilateral agreements10IIIAnchoring WTO plurilateral agreements11IVImproving the functioning of WTO plurilateral agreements13VPlurilateral approaches outside the WTO15VIWhat next for WTO plurilaterals? A forward-looking agenda16A.Deepening existing agreements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17B.Trade and environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19C.Services sectorals and market access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20D.Future areas for plurilateral ambition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21VIIAssessing readiness22VIIIConclusion23Annex I – History of GATT/WTO plurilateral agreements and means of integration24Annex II – Legal pathways for anchoring WTO plurilateral outcomes26Acknowledgments28 List of acronyms AIArtificial intelligenceAPECAsia-Pacific Economic CooperationACCTSAgreement on Climate Change, Trade and SustainabilityCBAMCarbon Border Adjustment MechanismCPTPPComprehensive and Progressive Agreement on Trans-PacificPartnershipCTHAChemical Tariff Harmonisation AgreementDSUDispute Settlement UnderstandingECAElectronic Commerce AgreementEGAEnvironmental Goods AgreementEUEuropean UnionGATSGeneral Agreement on Trade in ServicesGATTGeneral Agreement on Tariffs and TradeGPAAgreement on Government ProcurementHSHarmonized SystemICCInternational Chamber of CommerceIFDInvestment Facilitation for DevelopmentIFPMAInternational Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturersand AssociationsISDSInvestor-State Dispute SettlementITAInformation Technology AgreementJSIJoint Statement InitiativeMCMinisterial Conference (MC11, MC14, etc.)MFNMost-favoured-nationMPIAMulti-Party Interim Appeal Arbitration ArrangementMSMEMicro-, small- and medium-sized enterpriseOECDOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentSDRServices Domestic RegulationSPSSanitary and phytosanitary (measures)TESSDTrade and Environmental Sustainability Structured DiscussionsTFATrade Facilitation AgreementTRIPSAgreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual PropertyRightsUKUnited KingdomUSUnited StatesWTOWorld Trade Organization Executive summary For the global business community, the priority is clear: commercially meaningful trade rules thatare enforceable, predictable and capable of keeping pace with economic changeIncreasingly, theanswer is plurilaterals. Plurilateral rulemaking is nothing new. It has always been part of the World TradeOrganization (WTO) system, working alongside the comprehensive multilateral rounds that once drovetrade liberalisation. What has changed is that the round-based model has stalled. Today, plurilaterals are,in practice, the primary route through which new trade rules are being made. This policy paper examines plurilateral approaches both within the WTO and outside it. Its primaryfocus is the WTO context, where the central challenge is not whether WTO Members can negotiatenew agreements – they can, and do – but how those agreements are anchored in the WTO’s legalarchitecture. It also examines arrangements outside the WTO, such as digital economy and sustainabilityagreements, which can serve as pathfinders, testing approaches, building confidence and developingmodels that may later be brought back into the WTO. The WTO’s 14thMinisterial Conference (MC14), which took place in March 2026 in Yaoundé, Cameroon,provided the clearest recent example of this integration challenge. Despite broad support amongparticipating Members, two completed plurilateral agreements (the Electronic Commerce Agreement andthe Investment Facilitation for Development Agreement) remained blocked from incorporation into WTOarchitecture