2025：欧洲经济影响由Booking.com支持

Published June 2026 IntroductionProject BackgroundEconomic Impact Framework Key FindingsSummary of Economic ImpactsEconomic Impacts Across Europe Direct ImpactsInternational and Domestic Spending ProfilesHospitality and Wider Spending Economic ImpactsTotal Economic Output linked to Booking.comTotal GDP, Jobs, Wages and Taxes linked to Booking.comTotal Trade Impacts linked to Booking.comTotal Fiscal Impacts AppendicesA-DefinitionsB-Methods and Data SourcesC-Total Economic Impacts Introduction Over the past two decades, online travel platforms have transformed how travelservices are marketed, distributed, and discovered—reshaping theexperience for travellers, accommodation providers, and destinations alike. For travellers, the ability to search, compare, and book accommodation acrossthousands of destinations has made international travel more accessible thanever, bringing greater choice, clearer pricing, and confidence in lesser-knownproperties and places. Accommodation providers have benefitted in equal measure: platforms givethem access to a global audience across multiple languages, streamlinepayment processing, and reduce the operational complexity of distribution. At abroader level, online travel platforms have expanded the overall market,generating additional economic activity across the sector. The benefits extend to destinations too. Visitor expenditure—on lodging, food,entertainment, recreation, and transport—generates local income, amplifiedby supply chain activity and the wages it sustains, ultimately feeding throughinto jobs, earnings and tax revenues. Against this backdrop, Tourism Economics, an Oxford Economics company,has conducted a comprehensive analysis of the economic impact supported byBooking.com across Europe in 2025.1 The document presents key elements of the analysis. It is organised in threesections: •Key Findings•Direct Impacts from Visitor Spending•Total Economic Impacts Economic Impact Framework DIRECT INDUCED Related businessespurchase goods andservices from otherproviders creatingsupply chain effects andengaging B2B goodsand services Our analysis starts with travel booked via Booking.com and traces its downstream effectsthrough the European economy. To do this, we use an Input-Output (I-O) model, which mapshow spending flows across industries. An I-O model captures the relationships between industries and consumers, tracking howrevenue moves through wages, profits, taxes, and supply chains. This allows us to measurethree distinct levels of economic impact: TOTAL IMPACT Direct impacts reflect the initialtravellerspending onaccommodation, food, entertainment,transport, and retail—the first and most visible layer of economic activity generated by platform-booked travel. Indirect impacts arise as businesses receiving that spending purchase goods and services fromtheir own suppliers. A hotel buying from food producers or linen suppliers is a typical example ofhow spending cascades through the supply chain. TRANSPORTATIONSALES VALUEADDED TAXES Direct, indirect and induced impacts combine to equal the total economic impact Induced impacts occur when employees across the supply chain spend their wages in the localeconomy. These secondary spending flows generate additional sales, jobs, income, and taxrevenues that extend well beyond the tourism sector itself. Adding these three levels together gives the total economic impact. For each level, the model calculates three key indicators: •Sales (gross output)•Gross Value Added•Employment•Wages•Taxes KEY FINDINGS ECONOMIC IMPACT SUMMARY Visitor Spending & Direct Impacts Linked to Booking.com Total Economic Impacts Direct visitor spending injects revenue into local businesses, setting off a chain of furthereconomic activity. Those businesses purchase goods and services from their suppliers—theindirect effect—while the wages they pay flow back into the wider economy as employeesspend their income—the induced effect. Visitor spending supported by Booking.com generated significant economic impacts acrossEurope2as international and domestic travellers spent money on hospitality and other localactivities during their stay—including at retailers and recreation and entertainment venues. In total, visitors3whose trips were booked through Booking.com spent €291 billion4during theirstays, representing direct revenue (output) for local businesses. In addition, the associatedcontribution to GDP—measured as Gross Value Added—amounted to €152 billion.5 Together, these three layers of impact added up to a total economic contribution of €691 billionto the European economy in 2025. This supported nearly €344 billion in GDP and generated€137 billion in tax revenues for local governments. In the labour market, the platform’s totalimpact sustained over 4.7 million jobs and €175 billion in wages. The €152 billion represents the net economic contribution: wages, profits, and taxes generatedas a result ofvisitor spending. In add