低生育率和人口老龄化背景下时间利用调查在人口发展中的应用 Application of Time Use Surveyin Population DevelopmentUnder the Background of Low Fertility and Population Ageing 贾国平Dr. JiaGuoping联合国人口基金驻华代表处UNFPA China人口与发展高级项目官员ProgrammSpecialist,Population&Development •UNFPA简介•与中国政府联合开展的第九期国别方案 PART 01联合国人口基金(UNPPA)在中国的工作 •中国的人口现状:低生育与老龄化•全生命周期和基于权利的方法•人口动态(PD)在CP9的工作领域•PD在CP9低生育议题下相关工作•PD在CP9老龄化议题下相关工作 PART 02UNFPA应对人口发展的方法与项目 •国民转移账户(NTA)倡议活动回顾•时间转移账户(NTTA)简介•低生育率:性别平等与性别经济•老龄化:银发经济•未来工作预期 PART 03时间利用调查在人口与发展中的应用:从国民转移账户(NTA)到国民时间转移账户(NTTA) Table of contents •UNFPA Mandate•The 9th CountryProgramme(CP9)(2021-2025)with China PART 01UNFPAin China •China’s Current Population Status: IssuesCentering around Low Fertility and PopulationAgeing•UNFPA’s Life-cycle and Rights-based Approach•Population Dynamics (PD) under CP9•PD-CP9 work related to Low Fertility•PD-CP9 work related to Population Ageing PART 02UNFPA's Approach and Projectsin Addressing Population Development •A brief review of the National TransferAccounts (NTA) Initiative in China•A brief introduction to the National TimeTransfer Accounts (NTTA)•Low Fertility: Gender Equality andGendered Economy•Population Ageing: Silver Economy•Plan for Future Work PART 03Application of Time Use Surveysin Population and Development in China:From National Transfer Accounts (NTA) toNational Time Transfer Accounts (NTTA) 联合国人口基金在中国的工作UNFPAin China ·UNFPA简介UNFPA Mandate ·与中国政府联合开展的第九期国别方案The 9th CountryProgramme(CP9) (2021-2025) with China 联合国人口基金:联合国系统内性与生殖健康和人口事务的机构 UNFPA: The United Nations agency for sexual and reproductive health and population affairs •联合国人口基金为150多个国家的妇女和青年提供生殖健康服务,这些国家的人口占世界总人口的80%以上。 •1979年开始与中国合作,聚焦数据收集、加强人口数据分析和利用数据支持政策规划。支持中国的1982年人口普查是当时的最重要合作之一,随后,又增加了支持国家统计局开展分性别数据的收集和发布。此后合作的内容和方式随中国人口的形势而变化•当前,联合国人口基金与中国正在第九周期国别方案(2021-2025年)框架下开展工作。 •UNFPA provides reproductive health information and servicesto women and youth in more than 150 countries that are hometo 80 per cent of the world’s population. •UNFPA started working with the Chinese Government in 1979,focusing ondata collection, strengthening population dataanalysis and using data to support national policyplanning.Since then, the content and ways of cooperationhave been changing with China's population dynamics. •Supporting China's 1982 population census was one of themost important cooperation at the time. Subsequently, UNFPAChina supported the National Bureau of Statistics to collectand publish gender-disaggregated data. •Currently, UNFPA and China are working in cooperation underthe framework of the 9th country program (2021-2025). •第九周期国别方案在《联合国对华可持续发展合作框架(2021-2015年)》下,与中国国家发展规划相对接,尤其是支持实现《健康中国行动(2019—2030年)》和中国《国家积极应对人口老龄化中长期规划》中的重要目标。•人口基金的工作包括四个领域:A.性与生殖健康和权利;B.青少年和青年;C.性 别平等与妇女赋权;D.人口动态 •The 9thCountry Program is aligned with China's national development plan undertheUnited Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework with China(2021-2015),especially supporting the realization of the important goals of theHealthy China Action Plan (2019-2030)andChina's National Medium- and Long-Term Plan for Actively Responding to Population Aging.•The work of UNFPA includes four areas: A. Sexual and reproductive health and rights; B. Adolescents and youth; C. Gender equality and women's empowerment;D. Population dynamics UNFPA应对人口发展的方法与项目UNFPA's approach to respond population anddevelopment and some of our work Ensuring rights and choices for all:employing a rights-based life-cycle approach ·中国的人口现状:低生育率与老龄化·人口动态(PD)在CP9的工作领域·全生命周期和基于权利的方法·低生育率相关工作·老龄化相关工作·China's population status: low fertility and populationageing·Populationdynamics (PD) in CP9 working areas·Life-cycle and rights-basedapproach·Lowfertility relatedwork·Ageingrelated work 中国的人口现状:老龄化 •当前,老年人口快速增长,但老年人的养老需求未得到完全满足。 •截至2022年底,中国60岁及以上人口为2.8亿,占总人口的19.8%,其中65岁及以上人口为2.098亿。自2000年以来,老龄化趋势加快,预计到2033年,60岁以上人口占总人口的比例将上升到30.2%,到2050年将上升到39.8%,届时中国老年人口将达到5.16亿。•照护服务需求快速上升。2015年,我国城乡老年人自报需要照护服务的比例为15.3%,比2010年的13.7%上升了1.6个百分点,比2000年的6.6%上升近9个百分点。79岁及以下的老年人自报需要照护服务的比例从2000年的5.1%上升到2015年的11.2%,上升了6.1个百分点,80岁及以上老年人自报需要照护服务的比例从2000年的21.5%上升到2015年的41.0%,上升了将近20个百分点,上升幅度是79岁及以下老年人的3倍多(中国老龄科研中心,2021)。•照料者面临较大的压力,给就业市场、家庭计划、老年福利等带来多重挑战。 •老人的照护者中,女性对老年人照料的投入更多.男性对老年人照料程度较低,主要集中在“很少”(44.3%)和“约一半”(36.3%)这两类投入程度上,而女性承担主要照料责任的比例(43.1%)高出男性(19.4%)近24个百分点.•女性照料者的就业-照料压力更大。超过8成的照料者具有从业者和照料者的双重角色,有18.1%的照料者在调查时点并未就业。其中,在未就业的照料者中,女性占了近3/4的比例。•照料者多为中年人,处于更高年龄组照料者的投入程度也很高。照料者的平均年龄为41.2岁.其中,40-49岁的照料者最多,占比32.7%,然后依次为30-39岁(28.5%)、50-59岁(19.3%)和29岁及以下的照料者(15.4%).(吴帆,2017) •At present, older persons are growing rapidly, but their needs for care could not be fully met. •By the end of 2022, China's population aged 60 and above reached 280 million, accounting for 19.8% of the totalpopulation, of which 209.8 million aged 65 and above. Since 2000, the trends of ageing has accelerated, and it isexpected that by 2033, the proportion of the population aged 60 and above will rise to 30.2% of the total population, andby 2050 it will rise to 39.8%, by the t