可持续渔业管理简报 Briefing on Sustainable Fisheries Management 脚踏实地、面向未来:用绿色工业化愿景引导远洋渔业高质量发展 Guiding the High-Quality Development of China’s Distant-WaterFisheries with a Vision of Green Industrialization Contents目录 执行摘要引言I01 1.1产量产能发展1.2管理水平提升1.3小结020305 2.远洋渔业高质量发展面临的三组矛盾06 2.1规模发展与资源限制的矛盾2.2包括粮食安全在内的国家权益与经济效益的矛盾2.3提高效率与资源可持续性以及解决就业的矛盾2.4小结06070809 3.1生产过程可控性3.2经济效率3.3资源可持续性3.4小结10101212 参考文献15 References15 执行摘要 本文围绕“十五五”时期中国远洋渔业如何实现高质量发展展开讨论,提出应以绿色工业化和生态文明建设为长期方向,在资源约束趋紧、国际治理强化和产业转型压力加剧的背景下,重新界定远洋渔业的发展目标与政策重点。文章认为,中国远洋渔业已经基本结束以规模扩张为核心的发展阶段,未来更重要的任务不再是单纯提高产量,而是提升产业的可控性、经济效率与资源可持续性,从而形成与国家“双碳”目标、绿色发展愿景和现代化战略相协调的发展模式。 第三组矛盾是效率提升与资源可持续性、就业稳定之间的矛盾。文章区分了三类技术升级:第一类是提升监管和合规能力的技术,第二类是降低劳动强度和改善劳动条件的技术,第三类则是单纯提高捕捞效率的技术。文章认为,前两类技术升级有助于产业现代化,而在资源已接近上限的情况下,单纯追求更高捕捞效率容易演化为无效竞争。未来,产业升级的重点应放在提升管理能力、产品附加值和劳动质量等方面,而不是继续推动捕捞能力扩张。 基于上述分析,文章提出远洋渔业绿色工业化的长期愿景,并建议在未来五年规划中增加反映“发展质量”的参考性指标。这些指标主要围绕三个维度展开。 文章首先梳理了中国远洋渔业的发展现状。过去数十年,中国已成长为全球主要远洋捕鱼国家之一,远洋渔业产量在2010 年代后期进入平台期,船队规模也在近年来趋于稳定甚至略有下降。这意味着产业发展已经接近资源环境约束所允许的上限。同时,中国在远洋渔业治理方面的制度建设水平明显提升,包括建立船位监测系统、完善观察员制度、强化公海转载监管、实施企业履约评估、推进自主休渔以及加入《港口国措施协定》等。这些举措显示,中国正在从“扩张型渔业国家”逐步转向“治理型渔业国家”。 一是生产过程可控性。文章认为,现代渔业工业化的关键,不是无限提高捕捞能力,而是提高对资源状态和生产过程的掌握能力。建议重点监测单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)的稳定性,以及种群评估和资源监测的渔场覆盖率,以反映产业对渔场状态的认知和调控水平。 二是经济效率。文章指出,高质量发展的目标应是提高全要素生产率,而不是单纯增加渔获量。未来,应重点关注行业产值与补贴之比、单位捕捞努力产值、基层渔工收入等指标,引导财政支持逐步转向高附加值、低资源压力和高管理水平的发展模式。 文章在此基础上提出,当前中国远洋渔业高质量发展面临三组核心矛盾。 第一组矛盾是产业扩张诉求与海洋生物资源有限性之间的矛盾。全球多数渔场已经被充分开发,单纯依靠提高捕捞能力难以持续增加产量。文章认为,未来发展的重点不应继续围绕“扩大规模”,而应转向提升资源管理能力,通过科学评估、总量控制和风险预防等方式,提高渔场利用的稳定性与长期可持续性。 三是资源可持续性。文章建议,以可持续认证渔获物占比、获得科学评估的渔场比例等指标衡量产业整体的生态表现。这些指标不仅反映资源健康状况,也有助于推动企业与国际市场规则接轨。 第二组矛盾是国家战略目标与产业经济效益之间的矛盾。远洋渔业承担着保障粮食安全、参与全球治理、开展外交合作等多重功能,因此长期获得财政补贴支持。但文章指出,远洋渔业在中国整体食品供给中的占比有限,其战略价值不再主要依赖船队规模扩张,而更依赖治理能力、科研支撑和国际合作能力。未来,补贴政策应从支持“数量增长”转向支持“能力建设”,包括资源调查、渔场管理合作、产业链升级以及可持续认证等公共利益领域。 文章最后强调,远洋渔业并非孤立产业,而是嵌套在全球海洋生态系统和水产品供应体系中的组成部分。未来,产业升级应从系统视角出发,将资源管理能力、科技创新能力、产业链升级能力和国际治理能力有机结合。文章认为,若能够充分利用当前规模扩张压力减弱、治理能力积累以及补贴改革窗口期,中国远洋渔业有望在 2035 年前后逐步实现从“规模导向”向“质量导向”的历史性转型。 Executive Summary This briefing examines how China’s national agenda ofgreen industrialization and ecological civilization can guidethe high-quality development of its distant-water fishingindustry during the 15th Five-Year Plan period. It observesthat the era of rapid scale expansion in China’s distant-waterfisheries has come to an end. Future development shouldtherefore focus less on increasing harvest volumes and moreon improving management capacity, economic efficiency,and ecological sustainability. China’s distant-water fisheries receive substantialgovernmental subsidies because they contribute to publicinterests such as food supply security, international fisheriesgovernance participation, bilateral cooperation, and maritimestrategic presence. However, the briefing notes that distant-water fisheries account for only a small share of China’stotal aquatic food production, and their strategic valueincreasingly depends on governance capability, scientificinfluence, and international cooperation rather than fleetexpansion itself. Accordingly, future subsidy reform shouldshift from supporting production growth toward supportinggovernance functions such as stock assessment, sustainablefisheries management cooperation, overseas value-chaindevelopment, and sustainability certification. The briefing begins by reviewing the current state of China’sdistant-water fisheries. Over the past several decades,China has become one of the world’s largest distant-water fishing nations. However, total catch volumeshave plateaued since the late 2010s, while fleet size hasstabilized and even slightly declined in recent years.These trends suggest that the sector is approaching theecological limits imposed by marine resource availability.At the same time, China has significantly strengthened itsfisheries governance framework through vessel monitoringsystems, observer schemes, transshipment regulations,corporate compliance evaluations, seasonal closures, andparticipation in international anti-IUU mechanisms such asthe Port State Measures Agreement. These developmentsindicate the industry’s ongoing shifting of focus from scale-oriented expansion toward management enhancement. The third tension involves balancing technological efficiencygains with ecological sustainability and employmentconsiderations. The briefing distinguishes between technologiesthat improve monitoring and compliance, technologies thatreduce labor intensity and improve working conditions, andtechnologies aimed solely at maximizing fishing efficiency. Itargues that the first two categories contribute positively tomodernization, while unchecked increases in fishing efficiencyunder limited resource conditions risk intensifying wastefulcompetition. Future modernization efforts should thereforeprioritize management quality, product value, labor conditions,and operational transparency rather than simply increasingharvesting power. Against this background, the briefing identifies threestruct