黎巴嫩：治理与腐败的诊断

LEBANON Diagnostic ofGovernanceand Corruption October2025 Prepared ByTina Burjaliani MEMBERS Ron Snipeliski, Maksym Markevich,Paula Zarazinski, Natalia Salazar,Patrick De Metts,Robert Kokoli,Joshua Astell,Aldona Jociene. Mr. Hans Weenink and Mr Mario Tamez providedinput based on the desk review. High-LevelSummary Technical Assistance Report Legal Department Governance Diagnostic Report Prepared by:The mission was led byTina Burjaliani and was comprised of Ms. Aldona Jociene, Mr.Robert Kokoli, Mr. Patrick De Mets, Mr. Joshua Aslett, Mr. Maksym Markevych, Ms. Paula Paixão e SilvaZarazinski, Ms. NataliaSalazar, Mr. Ron Snipeliski. Mr. Hans Weenink, and Mr. Mario Tamez providedinput based on the desk review. TheHigh-LevelSummary Technical Assistance Reportseries provides high-level summaries ofthe assistance provided to IMF capacity development recipients, describing the high-levelobjectives, findings, and recommendations. ABSTRACT:ThisDiagnostic of Governance and Corruption (DGC) report for Lebanon, conducted by theInternational Monetary Fund (IMF)staffat the request of Lebanese authorities, assesses the nature andseverity of corruption and governance weaknesses acrosskeystate functionsof fiscal governance,financial sector oversight, central bank governance, rule of law andanti-money laundering. It alsoreviewsthe effectiveness of Lebanon’s anti-corruption laws and institutions inreducingcorruption risks.Thefindingspoint topervasivecorruptionvulnerabilitiesexacerbated byoutdated legal frameworks,fragmented oversight, institutional weaknesses,and fragile rule of law. Thesedeficiencies representmajor impediments to Lebanon’s economic recovery andinclusive growth. TheDGCreportrecommendsa sequenced, country-tailored reformagendaaimed atstrengthening the rule of law, enhancing centralbank governance and financial sector oversight, and reforming public financial management topromotetransparency, accountability, andmacro-economic stability. JEL Classification Numbers:D73; H20; F13; H50 Keywords:IMF, Governance Diagnostic,Lebanon, governance, corruption, anti-corruption Thecontents of this document constitute a high-level summary of technical advice provided by the staff ofthe International Monetary Fund (IMF) to the authorities of a member countryorinternational agency (the"CD recipient") in response to their request for capacity development. Unless the CD recipient specificallyobjects within 30 business days of its transmittal, the IMF will publish this high-level summary on IMF.org(seeStaff Operational Guidance on the Dissemination of Capacity DevelopmentInformation). Background The DGC was conducted in accordance with the IMF’s 2018Framework on Enhanced FundEngagement on Governance and the 2022 Strategy on Fragile and Conflict-Affected States.Itsystematically examined the nature and severity of corruption, as well as governance weaknesses, acrosskeystate functions:fiscal governance, central bank operations, financial sector oversight, anti-moneylaundering, and rule of law. The objective was to provide a candid and forward-looking analysis to informLebanon’s reform agenda and support macroeconomic stability and institutionalresilience. Enhancinggovernance and addressing corruption vulnerabilities are critical for restoring public trust, strengtheningfiscal sustainability, improving financial stability, and enabling effective public service delivery. The DGCcomplements ongoing IMF surveillance and program priorities by identifying the structural governancereforms necessary tosustainLebanon’s economic reform agenda. The DGC for Lebanon was conducted through a rigorous, multi-phased assessment process,carried out amidconsiderable political challenges. The diagnostic commenced with a hybrid scopingmissioninOctober 2022, and was followed by three missions through April 2023. Progress was hinderedby an extended period of political uncertainty, with the country operating under a caretaker governmentsince April 2022. Following the election ofPresidentJoseph Aoun and the subsequent formation of a newgovernment led by Prime Minister Nawaf Salam, the mission was able to re-engage with the authorities.This renewed engagementculminated in the completion and transmittal of the final report in October 2025.The resolution of the political impasse and establishment of the new government have created renewedmomentum for stability, reform, and economic recovery. Summary of Findings The DGC concludes thatLebanon is affected by pervasive and systemic corruption, whichsignificantly impairs the functioning of key state institutions.Governance weaknesses are rooted inoutdated legal frameworks, fragmented institutional structures,andgovernancepractices thatenablerent-seekingand sustain entrenched patronage networks.The authorities have acknowledged thesegovernance gaps, initiated preliminary reforms, and committed to a reform agenda that includes short-termmeasuresacross several areas,including fiscal governance and trans