欧央行/欧洲系统委员会 历史、角色和运作

History, role and functioning Contents Foreword3 Introduction4 1Overview6 1.1Development of the overall committee structure1.2Roles and functions of committees1.3Framework for the functioning of committees1.4Composition1.5Planning and reporting ofactivities 2Committee factsheets 2.1Accounting and Monetary Income Committee (AMICO)2.2Banknote Committee (BANCO)2.3Budget Committee (BUCOM)2.4Eurosystem/ESCB Climate Change Forum (CCF)2.5Committee on Controlling(COMCO) 2.12Information Technology Committee (ITC)422.13Legal Committee (LEGCO)432.14Market Infrastructure and Payments Committee (MIPC)452.15Market Operations Committee (MOC)472.16Monetary Policy Committee (MPC)492.17Organisational Development Committee (ODC)512.18Risk Management Committee (RMC)522.19Statistics Committee (STC)54 Foreword The euro is a unique currency, developed not only from economic necessity but alsoas part of a broader political project aimed at fostering peace. This objective isreflected in the institutional design of the European central banking community. Inparticular, the committees of the Eurosystem and the European System of Central The committees bring together experts from the EU central banks that form theEurosystem or the ESCB. They provide high-quality technical advice to the ECB’sdecision-making bodies and to the Supervisory Board. In doing so, they contribute The work of the committees is frequently reflected in my press conferences. The keyissues considered and the policy decisions taken by the ECB’s Governing Councilrely on the committees’ ability to present a comprehensive and balanced Through their regular interaction, members of the Eurosystem/ESCB committeeshave developed strong institutional relationships and close personal ties that form anintegral part of our working culture. Work at the national level is now inherently linkedtothe European dimension and supported by established networks across the In the past, the ECB has provided high-level information on the Eurosystem/ESCBcommittees in the institutional section of its Annual Report, but limited detail hasbeen available on their practical functioning. This publication aims to provide greater Christine Lagarde President Introduction With the political commitment made in 1992 to create a single currency, asenshrined in the Treaty of Maastricht, and to transfer responsibility for monetarypolicy to the European level, central banking in Europe adopted a new, unique To ensure that monetary policy decisions could be taken effectively andimplemented uniformly across EU Member States when the euro was introduced in1999, and also in the event of future expansion, European leaders considered itessential to create a strong decision-making centre–the ECB. This would be However, it was clear that more time would be needed for all Member States toadopt the euro. This made it necessary to distinguish the ESCB, comprising the ECBand the NCBs of all EU Member States, from the smaller group comprising the ECBand the NCBs ofMember States that had adopted the euro and for which the The functioning of the Eurosystem rests on a model of centralised decision-makingand decentralised implementation. It combines the ECB, an EU institution whosedecisions are taken centrally by its supreme decision-making body, the Governing The Governing Council comprises the members of the ECB’s Executive Board andthe governors of the NCBs of the Member States that have adopted the euro. It isthe ECB’s main decision-making body since its competence covers all statutorytasks of the ESCB, from monetary policy to banknotes and payment systems,statistics, legal and IT aspects, and international cooperation, to name but a few. TheECB’s Executive Board is responsible for implementing monetary policy in the euro Supervisory Mechanism (SSM) Regulation1as an internal body of the ECB. Its roleis to propose decisions for the Governing Council to approve under a non-objection The linchpin of the interaction between the European and the national levels consistsof a number of Eurosystem/ESCB committees, which are groups of ECB and NCBexperts tasked with advising the ECB’s decision-making bodies and the SupervisoryBoard.2Most of these committees had their own predecessors that supported thetechnical work leading to the formal establishment of the ECB and the ESCB in 1998 As the ECB prepared for the establishment of the Single Supervisory Mechanism(SSM) in November 2014 and the expansion of its tasks to include the prudentialsupervision of banks, it was decided that no new committees would be set up.Instead, the relevantexisting Eurosystem/ESCB committees would, for mattersrelated to the ECB’s supervisory tasks, meet in a specific composition (SSM Since their initial establishment, the Eurosystem/ESCB committees have providedessential support to the decision-making bodies through their technical expertise andadvice. They have been a key institutional feature in supporting the system’s effortsto