不丹发展更新，2026年春季：特别关注转变不丹的农业食品体系，创造更多更好的就业机会（英）2026

Spring 2026 Speci!l FocusTransforming Bhutan’sAgrifood System for Moreand Better JobsH!rnessin"Opportunities ofMi"r!tion Special FocusTransforming Bhutan’sAgrifood System forMore and Better JobsH!rnessin"Opportunities ofMi"r!tion © 2026The World Bank Bhutan OfficeRoyal Textile Academy Building (Level 2)Chubachu, Thimphu-11001, BhutanTel: +975 77 182 111www.worldbank.org/bhutanThe World Bank1818 H Street, NWWashington, DC 20433, USA Tel: +1 202 473 1000www.worldbank.org This work is!product of the st!ffof the Intern!tion!l B!nk for Reconstruction!ndDevelopment (IBRD), the Intern!tion!l Development Associ!tion (IDA), the Intern!tion!lFin!nce Corpor!tion (IFC),!nd the Multil!ter!l Investment Gu!r!ntee A#enc$(MIGA),collectivel$known!s The World B!nk Group, with extern!l contributors. The World B!nk Group does not#u!r!ntee the!ccur!c$, reli!bilit$or completeness ofthe content included in this work, or the conclusions or jud#ments described herein,!nd!ccepts no responsibilit$or li!bilit$for!n$omissions or errors (includin#, withoutlimit!tion, t$po#r!phic!l errors!nd technic!l errors) in the content wh!tsoever or forreli!nce thereon.The bound!ries,colors,denomin!tions,links/footnotes!nd otherinform!tion shown in this work do not impl$!n$jud#ment on the p!rt of!n$of theor#!ni%!tions of The World B!nk Group concernin#the le#!l st!tus of!n$territor$or theendorsement or!ccept!nce of such bound!ries. The cit!tion of works!uthored b$othersdoes not me!n The World B!nk Group endorses the views expressed b$those!uthors orthe content of their works. The findin#s, interpret!tions,!nd conclusions expressed in thisvolume do not necess!ril$reflect the views of IBRD/IDA, IFC,!nd MIGA, their respectiveBo!rds of Executive Directors,!nd the#overnments the$represent. The contents of this work!re intended for#ener!l inform!tion!l purposes onl$!nd!renot intended to constitute le#!l, securities, or investment!dvice,!n opinion re#!rdin#the!ppropri!teness of!n$investment, or!solicit!tion of!n$t$pe. Some of the or#!ni%!tionsof The World B!nk Group or their!ffili!tes m!$h!ve!n investment in, provide other!dvice or services to, or otherwise h!ve!fin!nci!l interest in, cert!in of the comp!nies!nd p!rties n!med herein. Nothin#herein sh!ll constitute or be construed or considered to be!limit!tion upon orw!iver of the privile#es!nd immunities of!n$of IBRD/IDA, IFC!nd MIGA,!ll of which!re specific!ll$reserved. Ri!hts"nd Permissions The m!teri!l in this work is subject to cop$ri#ht. Bec!use the World B!nk Group encour!#esdissemin!tion of its knowled#e, this work m!$be reproduced, in whole or in p!rt, fornoncommerci!l purposes!s lon#!s full!ttribution to this work is#iven!nd!ll furtherpermissions th!t m!$be required for such use (!s noted herein)!re!cquired. The WorldB!nk Group does not w!rr!nt th!t the content cont!ined in this work will not infrin#eon the ri#hts of third p!rties!nd!ccepts no responsibilit$or li!bilit$in this re#!rd. Allqueries on ri#hts!nd licenses should be!ddressed to World B!nk Public!tions, The WorldB!nk, 1818 H Street NW, W!shin#ton, DC 20433, USA. E-m!il: pubri#hts@worldb!nk.or#. Contents PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT1ABBREVIATIONS3EXECUTIVE SUMMARY51. RECENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS91.1. Recent Economic Developments11Global Context11Real Sector11Inflation15External Sector16Fiscal Sector and Debt18Monetary Policy and Financial Sector21Poverty and Welfare221.2. Medium-Term Outlook24Annex292. SPECIAL FOCUS: Transforming Bhutan’s Agrifood System for More and Better Jobs312.1. Key Messages332.2. The importance of the AFS In Bhutan’s structural transformation342.3. Analyses of the AFS in Bhutan38Measuring AFS employment38Where in the AFS are workers and potential to create more, better jobs?39Which AFS firms grow and create more, better jobs?432.4. Policy Considerations: Moving Forward47BoxesBox 1. 1Hydropower and job creation: Beyond direct employment13Box 1. 2 The government budget is considered conservative, but challengesin capital expenditure execution persist20Box 1. 3 Women and Jobs in Bhutan: Persistent Gaps and the Path Forward23Box 1. 4 Bhutan’s Tax Reforms: Impacts of GST Amendment on Consumption Patterns and Welfare26 PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Bhut!n Development Upd!te (BDU) is!n!nnu!l public!tion, which!ssesses recenteconomic!nd soci!l developments!s well!s their prospects in Bhut!n. The BDU provides!n in-depth!n!l$sis of selected economic!nd polic$issues. In this edition, the Speci!lFocus ch!pter focuses on tr!nsformin#Bhut!n’s!#rifood s$stem for more!nd better jobs.The ch!pter ex!mines how different economic!ctivities within the!#rifood s$stem (AFS)contribute to job cre!tion, livelihoods,!nd structur!l tr!nsform!tion usin#n!tion!l l!bor force!nd enterprise surve$d!t!. The ch!pter identifies polic$!ttention!re!s!nd investmentpriorities to cre!te more!nd better jobs, especi!ll$for women!nd$outh. The report isintended for!wide!udience, includin#polic$m!kers, business le!ders, rese!rchers!nd!c!demics, t