Severe multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections, antibiotic-resistantGram-positive infections in immunosuppressed and critically ill patients,and community-acquired and health care-associated bacterial meningitis Target product profiles fornew antibacterial agents Severe multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections, antibiotic-resistantGram-positive infections in immunosuppressed and critically ill patients, Target product profiles for new antibacterial agents: severe multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections,antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive infections in immunosuppressed and critically ill patients, andcommunity-acquired and health care-associated bacterial meningitis ISBN 978-92-4-012118-8 (electronic version)ISBN 978-92-4-012119-5 (print version) © World Health Organization 2026 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0IGO licence (CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO;https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercialpurposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there shouldbe no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHOlogo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalentCreative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with themediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization (http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules/). Suggested citation. Target product profiles for new antibacterial agents: severe multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections, antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive infections in immunosuppressed and critically illpatients, and community-acquired and health care-associated bacterial meningitis. Geneva: World Health Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data.CIP data are available athttps://iris.who.int/. Sales, rights and licensing.To purchase WHO publications, seehttps://www.who.int/publications/book-orders. To submit requests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, seehttps://www.who.int/copyright. Third-party materials.If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, suchas tables, figures or images, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for thatreuse and to obtain permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of General disclaimers.The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publicationdo not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal statusof any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they areendorsed or recommended by WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication.However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed orimplied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event Graphic design by Inis Communication Contents AcknowledgementsivAbbreviationsviiTerminologyviiiIntroduction1WHO TPPs for new antibacterial agents4Target product profile for therapy of severe infections caused by multidrug-resistantGram-negative bacteria4Target product profile for therapy of antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive infections inimmunosuppressed and critically ill patients8Target product profile for therapy of community-acquired and health care-associatedbacterial meningitis13References18Annex 1. Overview of TPP development process22Annex 2. Declaration of interests of TPP Development Group members26Annex 3. Further reading28 Acknowledgements The project was led and coordinated by ValeriaGigante (Scientist, Antimicrobial ResistanceResearch and Development Lead, World HealthOrganization (WHO) Antimicrobial ResistanceDivision) under the supervision of AlexandraCameron (Unit Head, WHO AntimicrobialResistance Division). Thomas Tängdén (WHO •Jacob Bodilsen. Clinical Associate Professor,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg •Yohei Doi. Professor of Medicine and Director,Center for Innovative Antimicrobial Therapy, •Khalid Omar H Eljaaly. Assistant Professor,Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University •Habib Hasan Farooqui. Assistant Professor,College of Medicine, Qatar University (Qatar). WHO extends its gratitude to the AdvisoryGroup on Research and Development forNovel Antibacterial Agents that served as theTPP development group for th