2020年全球海上风电报告

Table of Contents Foreword5Market Status 20199Market Outlook 203013Taking Offshore Global31Offshore Wind Technologies80Conclusion95Appendix98Abbreviation99 Published5 August 2020 Lead AuthorsJoyce Lee, Feng Zhao Global Wind Energy Council Rue Belliard 51-531000 Brussels, BelgiumT. +32 490 56 81 39info@gwec.netwww.gwec.net DesignAspire Design, New Delhi Contributing AuthorsAlastair Dutton, Ben Backwell,Liming Qiao, Shuxin Lim, AnjaliLathigaralead, Wanliang Liang Foreword world. Given that more than 70%of the planet is covered by sea,and wind speeds are considerablystronger offshore than onshore, thefundamentals are promising. September 2018, has broughttogether the major industryplayers in offshore wind. Keyinterventions have been inTaiwan, Vietnam and Japan toassist market development. Rapid Growth It’s been quite a journey since I firstgot involved in the offshore windindustry 20 years ago. Offshore wind energy took its firststeps in the 1990s and has beengrowing in scale ever since. Inrecent years, however, growth hasaccelerated. From being 1% of globalwind installations by capacity in 2009,offshore wind has grown to over 10%in 2019. Measured in investmentterms that figure is much greater. Going Global •The World Bank’s ESMAPOffshore Wind DevelopmentProgram, launched in March2019, is focused on expandingoffshore wind to developingcountries. The program isengaging numerous countrieswhich will form part of thewider global market in years tocome.• Offshore wind is going global,country by country. This piecemealdevelopment is unhelpful for a supplychain which is seeking to make soundinvestments and continue to reducecosts. However, there are a numberof initiatives which aim to accelerateoffshore wind’s deployment:• Alastair Dutton Chair of Global OffshoreWind Task Force, GWECalastair.dutton@gwec.net Offshore wind is now a matureindustry, but is only just beginningit’s expansion in earnest around the GWEC’s Global Offshore WindTask Force, established in The Ocean Renewable EnergyAction Coalition (OREAC),launched in Dec 2019, targets1.4 TW of offshore wind by2050. This industry body is inanswer to the UN High LevelPanel for Sustainable OceanEconomy call for action in Sept2019. Themes As we push through 30GW global capacity for offshore wind we see a number ofthemes.• In Europe, the market that started it all, the installation rate is accelerating.•Asia is picking up the pace with China installing more capacity in 2019 than anyother country. This leadership is expected to continue through this decade.•The message that the price of power from offshore wind has fallen to out-competefossil fuels and nuclear, has been understood in many parts of the world. These initiatives are in co-operationand complement each other forgreater effect. •Floating technology will comeof age this decade, tripling thetechnical potential for offshorewind across the world. Initiallythe key markets are France,Japan, South Korea, Scotland,Norway, Portugal, Spain and USPacific Coast. Once commercialscale projects are establishedand costs come down manyother locations will come intoplay, for example South Africa,Canada, Philippines and manyisland states. •One of those lessons is the UKSector Deal which outlines targetsand plans for government andindustry to work together todramatically progress the sectorfor the benefit of all. This bestpractice is now being adopted inother markets such as Japan andPoland. Future Markets •Existing markets are hungryfor more, notably UK, Germany,Denmark, Netherlands,Belgium and China. As anexample, the UK is targeting 40GW by 2030, up from 10 GWtoday.• Emerging markets includeTaiwan, US Atlantic Coast,Japan, South Korea andVietnam. Not only do thesemarkets want low costelectricity to decarbonizetheir footprint but they arekeen to establish their ownsupply chains to benefit theireconomies. However, inflexiblelocal content requirementscould frustrate those economichopes by raising the costof electricity and creatinginefficient local suppliers notable to compete on a regionalor global market.• COVID-19 To date offshore wind has been lessimpacted than most energy sectorsby the pandemic, and stands ready tobe a material part of a green recoverypackage. Lessons Learned• Much has been learned fromthe last 30 years of offshorewind deployment in Europe.Those lessons are being takenworldwide by developers andconsultants. Governmentsare adapting those lessons inthe context of their particularpolitical and fiscal backdrops. Conclusion The potential of offshore wind toachieve the energy transition withinthe right time frame and contribute topost-COVID recovery is increasinglybeing understood around the world.At GWEC, we look forward to workingwith you all to realise this potential New markets are in thepreparation phase. Examplesinclude Brazil, Mexico, India,Sri Lanka, Australia and manymore. In Europe the existingmarket will expand into Ireland,Poland, Lithuania and others. From bein