数字化转型：影响与依赖

Reportproduced under the supervision of Claude Revel andFrédérique VidalWith contributions from Nathalie BordeauRapporteur: Sean Scull October 2024 SKEMA Publika is an independent international think tank aiming to anticipate the societal and geopoliticaltransformations of tomorrow. It fuels public debate and issues recommendations for national and internationalpolicymakers. Affiliated with SKEMA Business School, the think tank tackles public policy issues. It looks at them from the angleof early signs and formulates suggestions for the way forward. It takes a multidisciplinary and hybrid approachto information processing, relying on a combination of human and digital intelligence. Find our work at:https://publika.skema.edu/ INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................ 4I-The dependences already identified ......................................................................................................... 51.Endless needs and investments ................................................................................................................. 52.Energy and environmental uses and costs not yet controlled................................................................... 6II-Human and social impacts to consider...................................................................................................... 91.Changes in the work landscape ................................................................................................................. 92.Underestimated ethical costs .................................................................................................................. 113.Legal questions ........................................................................................................................................ 124.The reinforcement of inequalities ........................................................................................................... 135.The individual and collective consequences of the all-digital approach.................................................. 14III. Preventing the risks of digital dependence................................................................................................ 171.Sovereignty and democracy..................................................................................................................... 17a)Digital transition and sovereignty........................................................................................................ 17b)Digital transition and democracy......................................................................................................... 182.Education: the central pillar..................................................................................................................... 20a)Education through digital tools and AI: finding the balance ............................................................... 20b)Develop digital literacy ........................................................................................................................ 21c)Combating inequality .......................................................................................................................... 22d)Complementarity and subsidiarity ...................................................................................................... 223.Develop critical thinking skills .................................................................................................................. 234.Practise ethics by design .......................................................................................................................... 27IV. Building new approaches .......................................................................................................................... 291.Develop flexible global rules for the digital world ................................................................................... 29a)A competitive geopolitical environment ............................................................................................. 29b)The positions of international organisations....................................................................................... 292.Avoid crises by maintaining alternatives ................................................................................................. 30V. Summary of proposals to address digital and ai dependences ................................................................... 33AUTHORS ....................................................................................................................................................... 35 If, as stated by the Generative Artificial Intelligence Committee set up in France in late 20231, artificial intelligenceis an unavoidable technological revolution, an essential question arises about the societa