世界卫生组织疟疾术语2025，第三版

Third edition WHO malaria Third edition WHO malaria terminology, third edition This publication constitutes the third edition of“WHO malaria terminology”. The first edition was published in 2016 as“WHOmalaria terminology”, and an update was issued in 2021 under the title“WHO malaria terminology, 2021 update”. For ISBN 978-92-4-011934-5 (electronic version)ISBN 978-92-4-011935-2 (print version) © World Health Organization 2025 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0IGOlicence (CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided thework is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorsesany specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then youmust license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, youshould add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World HealthOrganization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of theWorld Intellectual Property Organization (http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules/). Suggested citation. WHO malaria terminology, third edition. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2025. Licence:CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data.CIP data are available at https://iris.who.int/. Sales, rights and licensing.To purchase WHO publications, see https://www.who.int/publications/book-orders. To submitrequests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, see https://www.who.int/copyright. Third-party materials.If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures orimages, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtain permission from the General disclaimers.The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply theexpression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed orrecommended by WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, thepublished material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the Contents Drafting CommitteeivAcknowledgementsvIntroduction1Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Glossary Bibliography Annex - Archived terms Drafting Committee Members Former members Acknowledgements The external survey was ably managed by Mr Ryan Williams, World HealthOrganization (WHO) Global Malaria Programme, following the indications of theDrafting Committee, and all inputs and the analysis of the survey results wereefficiently compiled by Ms Silvia Schwarte, WHO Global Malaria Programme. Theinvaluable support provided by Ms Mar Velarde, ISGlobal, Malaria EradicationScientific Alliance, in the desk review for the Drafting Committee is gratefullyacknowledged. The contributions of all members of the Drafting Committee arerecognized. Their precision, careful attention and timely, precious feedback wereinstrumental for completion of the work. The inputs received from several expertsand their affiliated groups and institutions are greatly appreciated. These included,in particular: Dr Maxine Whittaker, Asia–Pacific Malaria Elimination Network;DrCatharina Boehme, Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics; Allan Magill, Input is also acknowledged from Directors of numerous WHO collaboratingcentres (WHOCC) for Malaria. In particular we appreciated the contributionsfrom DrLiseMusset WHOCC for Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Resistance;DrFabriceChandre, WHOCC for Evaluation of New Insecticides against Vectors;Dr Hyeonkyeong Lee, WHOCC for Ecology, Taxonomy and Control of Vectors ofMalaria, Filariasis and Dengue; Dr Jennifer Luchavez, WHOCC for Malaria Diagnosis;Dr Antoni Plasencia, WHOCC for Malaria Control, Elimination and Eradication;DrPolratWilairatana, WHOCC for Clinical Management of Malaria; Dr Peter Gething,WHOCC for Geospatial Disease Modelling; Dr Richard Kahn, WHOCC Prevention and Introduction In recent years, there has been a proliferation of new te